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Biomolecules
Volume 16
Issue 1
10.3390/biom16010052
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

BK Polyomavirus in Renal Transplantation: Virological Notes for Monitoring and Diagnosis

by
Cristina Costa
1,2,*,
Francesca Sidoti
1,
Alessandro Bondi
1,2 and
Antonio Curtoni
1,2
1
University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
2
Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2026, 16(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010052 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 29 August 2025 / Revised: 23 December 2025 / Accepted: 24 December 2025 / Published: 29 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Kidney Disease Development and Therapy Strategies)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy was first reported over 50 years ago. However, it still represents a cause of renal injury in kidney transplant recipients, particularly in the first two years post-transplantation, with occurrence rates of 1–10%. The role played by immunosuppression in viral reactivation is well acknowledged, and the modulation of its level is the main strategy for clinical management. Viral and immunological evaluation are fundamental for optimizing its diagnostic and therapeutic pathway. In this review, the main features of BK polyomavirus and associated nephropathy in renal transplant patients are addressed and discussed from a virological point of view; the role of BK polyomavirus in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other solid-organ transplant patients is also briefly reported. 
Keywords: polyomavirus BKV; Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy; renal transplantation polyomavirus BKV; Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy; renal transplantation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Costa, C.; Sidoti, F.; Bondi, A.; Curtoni, A. BK Polyomavirus in Renal Transplantation: Virological Notes for Monitoring and Diagnosis. Biomolecules 2026, 16, 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010052

AMA Style

Costa C, Sidoti F, Bondi A, Curtoni A. BK Polyomavirus in Renal Transplantation: Virological Notes for Monitoring and Diagnosis. Biomolecules. 2026; 16(1):52. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010052

Chicago/Turabian Style

Costa, Cristina, Francesca Sidoti, Alessandro Bondi, and Antonio Curtoni. 2026. "BK Polyomavirus in Renal Transplantation: Virological Notes for Monitoring and Diagnosis" Biomolecules 16, no. 1: 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010052

APA Style

Costa, C., Sidoti, F., Bondi, A., & Curtoni, A. (2026). BK Polyomavirus in Renal Transplantation: Virological Notes for Monitoring and Diagnosis. Biomolecules, 16(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010052

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