Regulation of Neuronal Protein Trafficking and Translocation by SUMOylation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Cellular compartment | SUMO substrate | Outcome of SUMOylation |
---|---|---|
intranuclear | PML | formation of PML bodies, possible transcriptional regulation upon axonal damage [9,10] |
BMAL1 | association with PML bodies, transcriptional regulation and periodic degradation of BMAL1 [11,12] | |
nucleo-cytoplasmic | GSK3beta | re-localization into the nucleus, enhances stability and stimulates apoptosis [13] |
Caspase 2/7/8 | re-localization into the nucleus, possible cleavage of target proteins [14,15,16] | |
FAK | re-localization into the nucleus, no functional data yet [17] | |
extranuclear | Arc/Arg3.1 | Re-localization into dendrites and to cytoskeleton, important for establishment and maintenance of LTP [18] |
GluK2 | internalization of receptor, possible recycling and re-insertion into plasma membrane [19] | |
Group III mGluRs | Possible effects on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, internalization and/or degradation of receptors [20,21] | |
CB1 | Agonist-induced deSUMOylation potentially regulates internalization of receptor [22] | |
La | binding to dynein and retrograde axonal transport [23] |
2. Regulation of Intra-Nuclear Organization by SUMO
2.1. Transient Localization of SUMO and Ubc9 at Cajal Bodies
2.2. PML Bodies and Axonal Damage
2.3. Keeping the Circadian Rhythm Running: SUMOylation of BMAL1
3. Extranuclear SUMOylation
3.1. AMPA Receptors, Arc/Arg3.1 and SUMOylation–a Possible Pathway for Induction of LTP and Synaptic Scaling
3.2. SUMOylation in Agonist-Induced Endocytosis and Plasticity of Kainate Receptors
3.3. Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors–Genuine SUMO Targets?
3.4. G-Protein Coupled Cannabinoid Receptor 1
3.5. SUMOylation of La–Determining the Direction of Transport on the Microtubule Network
4. SUMOylation in Cytoplasm–Nuclear Transport
4.1. SUMOylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 β (GSK3β)–Translocation to the Nucleus
4.2. SUMO-Associated Nuclear Shuttling of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)
4.3. Caspase SUMOylation Functions as a Nuclear Localization Signal
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Berndt, A.; Wilkinson, K.A.; Henley, J.M. Regulation of Neuronal Protein Trafficking and Translocation by SUMOylation. Biomolecules 2012, 2, 256-268. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom2020256
Berndt A, Wilkinson KA, Henley JM. Regulation of Neuronal Protein Trafficking and Translocation by SUMOylation. Biomolecules. 2012; 2(2):256-268. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom2020256
Chicago/Turabian StyleBerndt, Anja, Kevin A. Wilkinson, and Jeremy M. Henley. 2012. "Regulation of Neuronal Protein Trafficking and Translocation by SUMOylation" Biomolecules 2, no. 2: 256-268. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom2020256