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Biomolecules
Volume 16
Issue 1
10.3390/biom16010059
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Review

How Adipocytes Orchestrate Inflammation Within Adipose Tissue?

by
Romane Higos
1,
Gianluca Renzi
2,
Paul Taillandier
1,
Fatiha Merabtene
1,
Christine Rouault
1,
Jimon Boniface Abatan
1,
Mélanie Lambert
3,4,
Isabelle Dugail
1,
Karine Clément
1,5,
Geneviève Marcelin
1,
Salwan Maqdasy
2,*,
Christophe Breton
6,*,† and
Simon Lecoutre
1,†
1
Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75013 Paris, France
2
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
3
U1349 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 93022 Bobigny, France
4
Département de Génie Biologique, Bachelor Universitaire de Technologie (BUT), 93022 Bobigny, France
5
Department of Nutrition, Pitie-Salpêtriere Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
6
U1283-UMR8199-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomolecules 2026, 16(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010059 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 November 2025 / Revised: 24 December 2025 / Accepted: 26 December 2025 / Published: 30 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Adipose tissue is far more than a passive reservoir for surplus energy: it is an active metabolic and endocrine organ that senses nutrient availability and orchestrates systemic energy balance. When caloric intake chronically exceeds expenditure, adipocytes become engorged with lipids and exposed to metabolic, mechanical, and hypoxic stress. To adapt, they initiate a fibro-inflammatory response that may be protective in the short term. As this response becomes chronic, adipocytes lose their metabolic flexibility, acquire a maladaptive fibro-inflammatory phenotype, and contribute to the cascade of inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease that characterizes obesity. In this review, we dissect the cellular and molecular cues that trigger fibro-inflammation, from nutrient excess and mitochondrial stress to hypoxia and immunometabolic rewiring, and highlight how these processes reshape adipocyte identity and tissue homeostasis.
Keywords: adipocyte; obesity; fibro-inflammation adipocyte; obesity; fibro-inflammation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Higos, R.; Renzi, G.; Taillandier, P.; Merabtene, F.; Rouault, C.; Abatan, J.B.; Lambert, M.; Dugail, I.; Clément, K.; Marcelin, G.; et al. How Adipocytes Orchestrate Inflammation Within Adipose Tissue? Biomolecules 2026, 16, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010059

AMA Style

Higos R, Renzi G, Taillandier P, Merabtene F, Rouault C, Abatan JB, Lambert M, Dugail I, Clément K, Marcelin G, et al. How Adipocytes Orchestrate Inflammation Within Adipose Tissue? Biomolecules. 2026; 16(1):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010059

Chicago/Turabian Style

Higos, Romane, Gianluca Renzi, Paul Taillandier, Fatiha Merabtene, Christine Rouault, Jimon Boniface Abatan, Mélanie Lambert, Isabelle Dugail, Karine Clément, Geneviève Marcelin, and et al. 2026. "How Adipocytes Orchestrate Inflammation Within Adipose Tissue?" Biomolecules 16, no. 1: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010059

APA Style

Higos, R., Renzi, G., Taillandier, P., Merabtene, F., Rouault, C., Abatan, J. B., Lambert, M., Dugail, I., Clément, K., Marcelin, G., Maqdasy, S., Breton, C., & Lecoutre, S. (2026). How Adipocytes Orchestrate Inflammation Within Adipose Tissue? Biomolecules, 16(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010059

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