Ribonucleoprotein Granules: Between Stress and Transposable Elements
Abstract
1. Invasion of Transposable Elements (TEs) and Host Defense System
2. Cytoplasmic RNP Granules
2.1. Stress Granule (SG)
2.1.1. Sequestration of RNAs into SG
2.1.2. Cellular Signaling and Apoptosis
2.1.3. Antiviral Function
2.2. Processing Body (P-body)
2.2.1. Composition of P-body
2.2.2. Function of P-body
3. Current Understanding of TEs Related to Cytoplasmic RNP Granules
3.1. Stress Granule (SG) and TE Regulation
3.2. Processing Body (P-body) and TE Regulation
Type of RNP Granule | TE | TE Component | Co-Localized with RNP Granule Components | References | Effect on Retrotransposition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress granule | LINE1 | ORF1p (engineered) ORF2p (engineered) ORF1p (Antibody) ORF2p (Antibody) 3′ UTR (MS2 fusion) L1 5′ UTR of LINE1 | TIA1, G3BP, HuR, eIF3η G3BP, eIF3η TIA-1, G3BP, eIF3η Co-localized with ORF1p TIA-1 Co-localized with ORF1p | [99,100,101,104,105,109,129] [100] [99,101,103,104,105,109,110] [101] [100,101,103,105] [104] | Inhibitory: [103,104,105,109,110,152] Supportive: [146,147] |
SINE1 (Alu) | Alu-like 7SL RNA (MS2 fusion) Transgene with inverted Alu repeat | Co-expressed with ORF1p eIF3η | [101] [112] | ||
ERV | HERVK(HML-2) Reverse transcriptase | TIA-1 G3BP1 | [120] [121] | ||
P-body | Ty | Ty1 GAG Ty3 POL3/GAG Ty1 mRNA | Dhh1, Dcp2 Xrn1, Dhh1, Pat1, Dcp2, Ded1, Lsm1 | [146,147] [145,148] [146] | |
IAP | IAP gag mRNA | RCK | [152,153] | ||
Het-A I-element | Het-A and I-element (MS2 fusion) | PCM | [158] | ||
Alu | Transgene containing inverted Alu repeat at 3′ UTR | GW182 | [112] |
4. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Moon, S.; Namkoong, S. Ribonucleoprotein Granules: Between Stress and Transposable Elements. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071027
Moon S, Namkoong S. Ribonucleoprotein Granules: Between Stress and Transposable Elements. Biomolecules. 2023; 13(7):1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071027
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoon, Sungjin, and Sim Namkoong. 2023. "Ribonucleoprotein Granules: Between Stress and Transposable Elements" Biomolecules 13, no. 7: 1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071027
APA StyleMoon, S., & Namkoong, S. (2023). Ribonucleoprotein Granules: Between Stress and Transposable Elements. Biomolecules, 13(7), 1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071027