Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury: Oxidative Damage as a Unifying Mechanism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Cadmium Absorption, Transportation, and Accumulation in the Kidney
3. Cadmium-Induced Animal Models of Kidney Injury
4. Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Renal Toxicity
5. Sources of Reactive Oxygen Species
5.1. Mitochondria
5.2. NADPH Oxidase
6. Effects of Cadmium on Mitochondrial Function
7. Counteracting Effects of Natural Products, Chemicals and Pharmacological Agents on Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury
8. Other Potential Interventional Approaches
9. Postulated Model of Cadmium-Induced Proximal Tubule Lesion
10. Diagnosis of Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury
11. Summary
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant/Extract/Chemical | Rodent Model | Mechanism | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Allium hirtifolium boiss | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [125] |
Apple juice | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [126] |
Arctium lappa | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [127] |
Carnosic acid | Mice and cells | Anti-oxidative damage | [128] |
Catechin | Rats | Anti-oxidative damage | [129] |
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [130,131] |
Chelidonium majus leaves | Rats | Antidiuretic | [132] |
Chorella pyrenoidosa | Rats | Antihyperglycemic | [133] |
Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala | Rats | Increasing antioxidation power | [134] |
Coriandrum sativum leaf | Mice | Anti-oxidative stress | [135] |
Curcumin | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [136] |
Edaravone | Mice/Cells | Inhibiting oxidative stress | [137] |
Elderberry | Rats | Increasing antioxidant enzymes | [138] |
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | Rats | Increasing antioxidant defense | [139] |
Eucommia ulmoides bark | Rats | Anti-oxidative damage | [140] |
Ferulic acid | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [78] |
Fragaria ananassa | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [141] |
Ginger | Rats | Decrease lipid peroxidation | [142] |
Glutathione | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [143] |
Glycyrrhiza glabra | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [144] |
Grape seed procyanidin | Mice | Antioxidants | [145] |
Grape skin/purple carrot | Rats | Anti-oxidative damage | [146] |
Green/black/red/white tea | Rats | Anti-oxidative damage | [147] |
Green olive leaf | Renal cells (MCD4) | Anti-oxidative stress | [148] |
Herbal adaptogens | Chicken | Anti-oxidative damage | [21] |
Ipomoea aquatic/Enhydra fluctuans | Mice | Anti-oxidation/anti-apoptosis | [149] |
Irvingia gabonesis stem bark | Rats | Increasing antioxidant defense | [150] |
Licorice | Rats | Anti-oxidative damage | [151] ** |
Ligustrazine | Rats | Restoring renal function | [152] |
Lipoic acid | Rats | Anti-apoptosis | [68,153] |
Onion/garlic | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [154] |
Origanum majorana L. | Rats | Anti-oxidative damage | [155] |
Persea americana seeds | Rats | Mitigating oxidative stress | [156] |
Physalis peruviana L | Rats | Anti-oxidation/Anti-apoptosis | [157] |
Picroliv | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [158] |
Plantamajoside | Rats | Decrease oxidative damage | [159] |
Pleurotus ostreatus | Rats (female) | Mitigating oxidative damage | [160] |
Potentilla anserine | Mice and cells | Anti-oxidative stress | [161] |
Puerarin | Rat proximal tubule cells | Restoring mitochondrial function | [162] |
Quercetin | Rats | Suppressing ER stress | [163] |
Resveratrol | Chickens | Anti-oxidative stress | [164] |
Roflumilast | Rats | Increasing antioxidant defense | [165] |
Rosmarinic acid | Mice | Anti-oxidative damage | [166] |
Royal jelly | Mice (male) | Antioxidation/Nrf2 activation | [39] |
Rutin | Rats | Inhibiting oxidative stress | [167] |
Salvia officinalis | Rats | Anti-oxidative damage | [168] |
Salvia miltiorrhiza | Rats | Anti-oxidative injury | [169] |
Sana Makki | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress/Nrf2 | [170] |
Selenium yeast | Chicken | Mitigating necroptosis | [171] |
Sesamol | Rats | Inhibiting oxidative stress | [172] |
SInapic acid | Rats | Inhibiting oxidative stress | [173] |
Solanum torvum Swartz | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [174] |
Spinacia oleracea polysaccharides | HEK293 cells | Anti-oxidative stress | [175] |
Telmisartan | Mice | Suppressing oxidative stress | [176] |
Tetrahydrobiopterin | Rats | Maintaining mitochondria integrity | [177] |
Thunbergia laurifolia leaf | Kidney cells | Increasing antioxidant enzymes | [178] |
Thymus serrulatus essential oil | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [179] |
Thymoquinone | Rats | Increasing glutathione | [180] |
Tinospora cordifolia | Rats | Anti-oxidative stress | [181] |
Trehalose | Rats | Inhibiting oxidative stress | [182] |
Tribulus terrestris linn | Rats | Anti-oxidation | [183] |
Vitamin C | Rabbits | Anti-oxidative stress | [184] |
Vitamin E | Rats | Enhancing antioxidant defense | [185] |
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Yan, L.-J.; Allen, D.C. Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury: Oxidative Damage as a Unifying Mechanism. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111575
Yan L-J, Allen DC. Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury: Oxidative Damage as a Unifying Mechanism. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(11):1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111575
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Liang-Jun, and Daniel C. Allen. 2021. "Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury: Oxidative Damage as a Unifying Mechanism" Biomolecules 11, no. 11: 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111575