Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Astrophysical Relativistic Jets
Abstract
:Contents | ||
1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................... | 2 | |
1.1. Astrophysical Jets...................................................................................................................................................... | 2 | |
1.2. The TRISTAN Code................................................................................................................................................... | 2 | |
1.3. Particle-in-Cell Approach and Plasma Instabilities............................................................................................... | 3 | |
2. Microscopic and Macroscopic Processes in Plasma Jets................................................................................................ | 5 | |
3. PIC Simulations................................................................................................................................................................... | 6 | |
3.1. Unmagnetized Jets..................................................................................................................................................... | 6 | |
3.1.1. Self-Consistent Synthetic Spectra from Shocks........................................................................................... | 6 | |
3.1.2. Shear Velocity Simulations with the Slab Model and Cylindrical Jets..................................................... | 8 | |
3.1.3. Global Simulations of Unmagnetized Relativistic Jets.............................................................................. | 9 | |
3.2. Magnetized Jets......................................................................................................................................................... | 12 | |
3.2.1. Topology of Relativistic Helical Jets............................................................................................................ | 12 | |
3.2.2. Global Simulations with Helical Jets and Large Radii.............................................................................. | 14 | |
3.2.3. Global Jet Simulations with a Toroidal Magnetic Field and a New Injection Scheme........................... | 18 | |
4. Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................. | 22 | |
References................................................................................................................................................................................ | 23 |
1. Introduction
1.1. Astrophysical Jets
1.2. The TRISTAN Code
1.3. Particle-in-Cell Approach and Plasma Instabilities
2. Microscopic and Macroscopic Processes in Plasma Jets
3. PIC Simulations
3.1. Unmagnetized Jets
3.1.1. Self-Consistent Synthetic Spectra from Shocks
3.1.2. Shear Velocity Simulations with the Slab Model and Cylindrical Jets
3.1.3. Global Simulations of Unmagnetized Relativistic Jets
- 1.
- Jet electrons are collimated by strong toroidal magnetic fields generated by MI;
- 2.
- Electrons are perpendicularly accelerated along with the jet collimation;
- 3.
- The toroidal magnetic field polarity switches from clockwise to counterclockwise about halfway down the jet.
- 1.
- Jet electrons and positrons mix with the ambient plasma;
- 2.
- Magnetic fields around current filaments generated by a combination of kKHI, MI, and Weibel instability merge and generate density fluctuations;
- 3.
- A larger jet radius is required to properly simulate the jet case, since the jet and ambient particles mix strongly.
3.2. Magnetized Jets
3.2.1. Topology of Relativistic Helical Jets
3.2.2. Global Simulations with Helical Jets and Large Radii
3.2.3. Global Jet Simulations with a Toroidal Magnetic Field and a New Injection Scheme
- 1.
- How does a toroidal magnetic field affect the growth of kKHI, MI, and WI within the jet and in the jet–ambient plasma boundary?
- 2.
- How do jets composed of electrons and positrons and jets composed of electrons and protons evolve in the presence of a large-scale toroidal magnetic field?
- 3.
- How and where are particles accelerated in jets with different plasma compositions?
4. Summary
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Meli, A.; Nishikawa, K.-i. Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Astrophysical Relativistic Jets. Universe 2021, 7, 450. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7110450
Meli A, Nishikawa K-i. Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Astrophysical Relativistic Jets. Universe. 2021; 7(11):450. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7110450
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeli, Athina, and Ken-ichi Nishikawa. 2021. "Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Astrophysical Relativistic Jets" Universe 7, no. 11: 450. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7110450