Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy, Inclusion, and Exclusion Criteria
2.2. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Meta-Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Study Design | Year | Region | NAFLD Definition | TMAO Measurement | N (NAFLD) | N (Control) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barrea [22] | Cross-sectional | 2018 | Europe | FLI >30 | HPLC | 82 | 55 |
Chen [20] | Case-control | 2016 | Asia | Histology | HPLC HPLC | 56 | 35 |
Cross-sectional | Ultrasound | 866 | 673 | ||||
Flores-Guerrero [23] | Cross-sectional | 2021 | Europe | FLI ≥30 | NMR spectroscopy | 1598 | 3694 |
Lin [24] | Cross-sectional | 2021 | Asia | Ultrasound | Early gas chromatography–mass spectrometry | 133 | 102 |
Muzsik-Kazimierska [25] | Cross-sectional | 2022 | Europe | HIS >36 | HPLC | 69 | 57 |
Tan [26] | Case-control | 2019 | Asia | Histology | HPLC | 34 | 14 |
Moradzad [21] | Case-control | 2022 | Asia | NA | HPLC | 85 | 30 |
Study | Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selection | Comparability | Exposure/Outcome | Score | Quality | |
Barrea [22] | *** | - | *** | 6/10 | Moderate |
Chen (CC) [20] | *** | - | ** | 5/9 | Moderate |
Chen (CS) [20] | *** | - | *** | 6/10 | Moderate |
Flores-Guerrero [23] | ***** | - | *** | 8/10 | High |
Lin [24] | *** | - | *** | 6/10 | Moderate |
Muzsik-Kazimierska [25] | ** | - | *** | 5/10 | Moderate |
Tan [26] | *** | ** | ** | 7/9 | High |
Moradzad [21] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
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Theofilis, P.; Vordoni, A.; Kalaitzidis, R.G. Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metabolites 2022, 12, 1243. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121243
Theofilis P, Vordoni A, Kalaitzidis RG. Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metabolites. 2022; 12(12):1243. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121243
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheofilis, Panagiotis, Aikaterini Vordoni, and Rigas G. Kalaitzidis. 2022. "Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Metabolites 12, no. 12: 1243. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121243