Fibromyalgia and Depression in Women: An 1H-NMR Metabolomic Study

Marino, Carmen; Grimaldi, Manuela; Sabatini, Paola; Amato, Patrizia; Pallavicino, Arianna; Ricciardelli, Carmen; D’Ursi, Anna Maria

doi:10.3390/metabo11070429

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Fibromyalgia and Depression in Women: An 1H-NMR Metabolomic Study

by

Carmen Marino

^1,†,

Manuela Grimaldi

^1,†

,

Paola Sabatini

²

,

Patrizia Amato

³,

Arianna Pallavicino

¹,

Carmen Ricciardelli

¹ and

Anna Maria D’Ursi

^1,*

¹

Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy

²

U.O.C. Clinical Pathology D.E.A. III Umberto I, Viale S. Francesco D’Assisi, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy

³

ASL Ser. T Cava de’ Tirreni, Piazza Matteo Galdi 1/3, 84013 Pregiato, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Metabolites 2021, 11(7), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070429

Submission received: 3 May 2021 / Revised: 15 June 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 30 June 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sex and Gender Differences in Metabolism)

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Abstract

Fibromyalgia is a chronic and systemic syndrome characterized by muscle, bone, and joint pain. It is a gender-specific condition with a 9:1 incidence ratio between women and men. Fibromyalgia is frequently associated with psychic disorders affecting the cognitive and emotional spheres. In the reported work, we compared 31 female fibromyalgia patients to 31 female healthy controls. They were analyzed for biochemical clinical parameters, for autoimmune markers, and were subjected to ¹H-NMR metabolomics analysis. To identify a correlation between the metabolomic profile and the psychic condition, a subset of 19 fibromyalgia patients was subjected to HAM-A and HAM-D Hamilton depression tests. Multivariate statistical analysis showed the dysmetabolism of several metabolites involved in energy balance that are associated with systemic inflammatory conditions. The severity of depression worsens dysmetabolic conditions; conversely, glycine and glutamate, known for their critical role as neuromodulators, appear to be potential biomarkers of fibromyalgia and are associated with different severity depression conditions.

Keywords: fibromyalgia syndrome; NMR metabolomics; Hamilton test

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MDPI and ACS Style

Marino, C.; Grimaldi, M.; Sabatini, P.; Amato, P.; Pallavicino, A.; Ricciardelli, C.; D’Ursi, A.M. Fibromyalgia and Depression in Women: An 1H-NMR Metabolomic Study. Metabolites 2021, 11, 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070429

AMA Style

Marino C, Grimaldi M, Sabatini P, Amato P, Pallavicino A, Ricciardelli C, D’Ursi AM. Fibromyalgia and Depression in Women: An 1H-NMR Metabolomic Study. Metabolites. 2021; 11(7):429. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070429

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marino, Carmen, Manuela Grimaldi, Paola Sabatini, Patrizia Amato, Arianna Pallavicino, Carmen Ricciardelli, and Anna Maria D’Ursi. 2021. "Fibromyalgia and Depression in Women: An 1H-NMR Metabolomic Study" Metabolites 11, no. 7: 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070429

APA Style

Marino, C., Grimaldi, M., Sabatini, P., Amato, P., Pallavicino, A., Ricciardelli, C., & D’Ursi, A. M. (2021). Fibromyalgia and Depression in Women: An 1H-NMR Metabolomic Study. Metabolites, 11(7), 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070429

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Fibromyalgia and Depression in Women: An 1H-NMR Metabolomic Study

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