Hydrogel Formulation of Usnic Acid and Antibacterial Activity Test Against Propionibacterium acne
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Optimization of Gelling Agent for Hydrogel Base
2.3. Evaluation of Hydrogel Base
2.4. Preparation Solid Dispersion
2.5. Preparation and Evaluation of Hydrogel Usnic Acid (UA) and Usnic Acid in Solid Dispersion (UA-SD)
2.6. Spreadability and Syneresis Test
2.7. Usnic Acid Assay in Hydrogel
2.8. Cycling and Stability Test
2.9. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity
3. Results
3.1. Optimization of Hydrogel Base
3.2. Hydrogel of Usnic Acid and Usnic Acid—Solid Dispersion
3.3. In Vitro Antibacterial Assay
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Formula 1 | Formula 2 | Formula 3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1a | 1b | 1c | 2a | 2b | 2c | 3a | 3b | 3c | |
Aqupec HV−505 (%) | 0.15 | 0.175 | 0.20 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Sodium alginate (%) | − | − | − | 1.5 | 1.75 | 2 | − | − | − |
HPMC K 100 M (%) | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1.5 | 1.75 | 2 |
Glycerin (%) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
TEA (%) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Distilled water ad (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
No. | Hydrogel Base | Homogeneity | pH | Volume of Wash out | Viscosity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F1a | Homogenous | 6.33 | 16 mL | 259.07 cps |
2 | F1b | Homogenous | 6.20 | 17 mL | 2595.39 cps |
3 | F1c | Homogenous | 6.53 | 18 mL | 3703.75 cps |
4 | F2a | Homogenous | 5.40 | 32 mL | 3815.19 cps |
5 | F2b | Homogenous | 5.37 | 37 mL | 5115.17 cps |
6 | F2c | Homogenous | 6.00 | 40 mL | 14,203.22 cps |
7 | F3a | Homogenous | 5.80 | 40 mL | 5544.87 cps |
8 | F3b | Homogenous | 5.40 | 50 mL | 9811.03 cps |
9 | F3c | Homogenous | 5.40 | 60 mL | 15,811.03 cps |
Formula | Homogeneity | pH | Viscosity (cps) | Usnic Acid Assay (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1b UA | No | 5.63 ± 0.09 | 2328.67 | 97.56 ± 0.19 |
F1b UA-SD | Homogeneous | 5.67 ± 0.05 | 2270.74 | 99.23 ± 0.29 |
F2a UA | No | 5.70 ± 0.08 | 2038.95 | 96.94 ± 0.51 |
F2a UA-SD | Homogeneous | 5.50 ± 0.08 | 2017.03 | 98.19 ± 0.10 |
F3a UA | No | 5.67 ± 0.05 | 3612.63 | 96.90 ± 0.29 |
F3a UA-SD | Homogeneous | 5.50 ± 0.14 | 3635.04 | 97.77 ± 0.29 |
Formula | Spreadability (cm) | Syneresis (g) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Load 0 g | Load 1 g | Load 3 g | Load 5 g | Load 7 g | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |
F1b UA | 1.90 | 2.30 | 2.75 | 3.25 | 3.90 | 11.20 | 11.13 | 11.11 |
F1b UA-SD | 2.85 | 3.45 | 3.95 | 4.45 | 5.10 | 11.18 | 11.15 | 11.14 |
F2a UA | 1.85 | 2.35 | 2.70 | 2.85 | 3.00 | 11.05 | 11.37 | 11.31 |
F2a UA-SD | 2.05 | 2.45 | 2.70 | 2.95 | 3.10 | 11.03 | 11.03 | 10.93 |
F3a UA | 2.20 | 2.70 | 3.00 | 3.20 | 3.40 | 11.02 | 11.95 | 10.95 |
F3a UA-SD | 2.40 | 2.85 | 3.15 | 3.55 | 3.65 | 11.04 | 10.94 | 11.01 |
Formula | pH | Homogeneity | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Before | After | |
F1b UA | 5.63 ± 0.09 | 5.67 ± 0.00 | No | No |
F1b UA-SD | 5.67 ± 0.05 | 5.67 ± 0.03 | Homogeneous | Homogeneous |
F2a UA | 5.70 ± 0.08 | 5.63 ± 0.05 | No | No |
F2a UA-SD | 5.50 ± 0.08 | 5.47 ± 0.05 | Homogeneous | Homogeneous |
F3a UA | 5.67 ± 0.05 | 5.63 ± 0.05 | No | No |
F3a UA-SD | 5.50 ± 0.14 | 5.20 ± 0.02 | Homogeneous | Homogeneous |
Formula | pH Homogeneity | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 4 | Week 8 | |
F1b | 6.30 Homogeneous | 6.20 Homogeneous | 6.20 Homogeneous | 6.20 Homogeneous |
F1b UA | 5.63 No | 5.81 No | 5.83 No | 5.83 No |
F1b UA-SD | 5.67 Homogeneous | 5.63 Homogeneous | 5.63 Homogeneous | 5.63 Homogeneous |
F2a | 6.60 Homogeneous | 6.30 Homogeneous | 6.00 Homogeneous | 6.00 Homogeneous |
F2a UA | 5.50 No | 5.50 No | 5.50 No | 5.47 No |
F2a UA-SD | 5.70 Homogeneous | 5.70 Homogeneous | 5.70 Homogeneous | 5.70 Homogeneous |
F3a | 5.83 Homogeneous | 5.73 Homogeneous | 5.73 Homogeneous | 5.73 Homogeneous |
F3a UA | 5.50 No | 5.43 No | 5.43 No | 5.43 No |
F3a UA-SD | 5.57 Homogeneous | 5.57 Homogeneous | 5.57 Homogeneous | 5.57 Homogeneous |
Formula | Diameter Inhibition (mm) ± SD |
---|---|
F1b | 0 ± 0.00 |
F1b UA | 30 ± 0.05 |
F1b UA-SD | 32 ± 0.05 |
F2a | 0 ± 0.00 |
F2a UA | 29 ± 0.05 |
F2a UA-SD | 30 ± 0.05 |
F3a | 0 ± 0.00 |
F3a UA | 20 ± 0.05 |
F3a UA-SD | 26 ± 0.05 |
Positive control (+) | 30 ± 0.05 |
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Fitriani, L.; Afifah; Ismed, F.; Bakhtiar, A. Hydrogel Formulation of Usnic Acid and Antibacterial Activity Test Against Propionibacterium acne. Sci. Pharm. 2019, 87, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm87010001
Fitriani L, Afifah, Ismed F, Bakhtiar A. Hydrogel Formulation of Usnic Acid and Antibacterial Activity Test Against Propionibacterium acne. Scientia Pharmaceutica. 2019; 87(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm87010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleFitriani, Lili, Afifah, Friardi Ismed, and Amri Bakhtiar. 2019. "Hydrogel Formulation of Usnic Acid and Antibacterial Activity Test Against Propionibacterium acne" Scientia Pharmaceutica 87, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm87010001
APA StyleFitriani, L., Afifah, Ismed, F., & Bakhtiar, A. (2019). Hydrogel Formulation of Usnic Acid and Antibacterial Activity Test Against Propionibacterium acne. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 87(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm87010001