The Prevalence of Emphysema in Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening in a Middle-Income Country
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Emphysema N = 386 | No Emphysema N = 902 | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean (±SD) | 63.2 (6.5) | 61.6 (6.7) | <0.001 |
Male gender, n (%) | 192 (49.7) | 343 (38.0) | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (±SD) | 25.8 (6.8) | 28.3 (8.6) | <0.001 |
Education level, n (%) | 0.8 | ||
Completed Primary Education | 36 (9.3) | 91 (10.1) | |
Completed Secondary Education | 262 (67.9) | 603 (66.8) | |
Completed Higher Education | 82 (21.2) | 199 (22.1) | |
Other | 6 (1.5) | 9 (1) | |
Active smokers, n (%) | 340 (88.1%) | 741 (82.1) | 0.008 |
Duration of smoking, years, mean (±SD) | 39.1 (8.2) | 36.0 (8.7) | <0.001 |
Pack/year smoking, mean (±SD) | 43.8 (18.8) | 39.3 (18.1) | <0.001 |
Types of cigarettes used, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
Manufactured cigarettes | 290 (75.3) | 761 (84.6) | |
Hand-rolled cigarettes | 93 (24.1) | 130 (14.5) | |
E-cigarettes | 2 (0.5) | 7 (0.8) | |
Pipes | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | |
Exposure to second-hand smoking during childhood and adolescence, n (%) | 0.39 | ||
Often | 108 (28.0) | 249 (27.6) | |
Sometimes | 72 (18.6) | 190 (21.1) | |
Rarely | 59 (15.3) | 109 (12.1) | |
Never | 147 (38.1) | 354 (70.7) | |
Exposure to second-hand smoking during adulthood, n (%) | 0.25 | ||
Often | 194 (50.3) | 434 (48.1) | |
Sometimes | 87 (22.5) | 235 (26.0) | |
Rarely | 47 (12.2) | 84 (9.3) | |
Never | 58 (15.0) | 149 (16.5) | |
Willingness to quit smoking in the next 30 days, n (%) | 90 (25.5) | 178 (22.9) | 0.35 |
Previous history of chronic lung diseases, n (%) | 85 (22.0) | 127 (14.8) | <0.001 |
Previous history of malignancies, n (%) | 19 (4.29) | 38 (4.21) | 0.57 |
Emphysema N = 386 | No Emphysema N = 902 | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Presence of nodules, n (%) | 275 (71.2) | 556 (61.6) | 0.001 |
Nodule type, n (%) | 0.008 | ||
Solid | 123 (31.9) | 245 (27.2) | |
Semi-solid | 18 (4.7) | 33 (3.7) | |
Ground glass | 53 (13.7) | 133 (14.7) | |
Calcified | 111 (28.8) | 346 (38.4) | |
RADS score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.006 |
Lung cancer, n (%) | 8 (2.1) | 13 (1.4) | 0.41 |
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Vukoja, M.; Dragisic, D.; Vujasinovic, G.; Djekic Malbasa, J.; Andrijevic, I.; Stojanovic, G.; Kopitovic, I. The Prevalence of Emphysema in Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening in a Middle-Income Country. Diseases 2025, 13, 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050146
Vukoja M, Dragisic D, Vujasinovic G, Djekic Malbasa J, Andrijevic I, Stojanovic G, Kopitovic I. The Prevalence of Emphysema in Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening in a Middle-Income Country. Diseases. 2025; 13(5):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050146
Chicago/Turabian StyleVukoja, Marija, Dragan Dragisic, Gordana Vujasinovic, Jelena Djekic Malbasa, Ilija Andrijevic, Goran Stojanovic, and Ivan Kopitovic. 2025. "The Prevalence of Emphysema in Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening in a Middle-Income Country" Diseases 13, no. 5: 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050146
APA StyleVukoja, M., Dragisic, D., Vujasinovic, G., Djekic Malbasa, J., Andrijevic, I., Stojanovic, G., & Kopitovic, I. (2025). The Prevalence of Emphysema in Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening in a Middle-Income Country. Diseases, 13(5), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050146