Optimizing Routing Protocol Design for Long-Range Distributed Multi-Hop Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Network Model and Problem Analysis
2.1. Network Model
2.2. Problem Analysis
3. MPR Selection Algorithm Based on Connection Necessity
- Node Depth: The depth of a one-hop neighbor node k (where node k is a one-hop neighbor of node N) represents the number of neighbors with strictly symmetric links to node k, excluding the one-hop neighbors of node N. For example, in Figure 3, the depth of node 1 is 2, including nodes a and b.
- Node Coverage: The coverage of a one-hop neighbor node k indicates the number of neighbors with strictly symmetric links to node k after removing the nodes already included in the MPR set and their covered two-hop neighbors, excluding the one-hop neighbors of node N. For example, in Figure 3, if node 1 is already included in the MPR set, the coverage of node 2 is 2, including nodes c and d, but excluding node b.
Algorithm 1 MPR selection algorithm based on connection necessity. |
|
4. Load-Balancing Routing Optimization Scheme Design
4.1. Load-Balancing Optimization Model
- Communication Delay
- 2.
- Link Reliability
- 3.
- SF
- 4.
- Node Occupancy Rate
- 5.
- Node Load Rate
- 6.
- Node Load Balance
- 7.
- Optimization Objectives
4.2. Load-Aware MPR Selection Algorithm Improvement
4.3. Business Routing Model
- Establishing the link weight matrix
- 2.
- Construction of the load matrix
- 3.
- Construction of the Load Cost Matrix
5. Implementation Method of Load-Balanced Routing Optimization
5.1. Route Establishment Process
5.2. Routing Optimization Process
Algorithm 2 Routing optimization process. |
Input: End node business type, end node location information Output: Optimal transmission path
|
6. Simulation Verification
6.1. Simulation Parameter Settings
6.2. Analysis of Simulation Results
6.3. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Algorithm Parameter | Parameter Description |
---|---|
MPR selection nodes | |
MPR node set | |
Number of nodes in the MPR set | |
Number of one-hop neighbors | |
FN[i] | The i-th hop neighboring node |
Number of two-hop neighbors | |
SN[i] | The i-th two-hop neighboring node |
Remaining available one-hop neighbors | |
Remaining available two-hop neighbors | |
Unique path between two-hop and one-hop neighbors | |
Cov[i] | Two-hop neighbors covered by node i |
Maximum coverage of node i | |
Depth of node i | |
Maximum depth of node i |
Occupancy Rate | Low | Medium | High | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Load Rate | ||||
Low | ||||
Medium | ||||
High |
Parameter Name | Parameter Value |
---|---|
Scenario spatial size | 100 × 50 × 18 |
Number of end nodes | 60–200 |
Number of aggregators | 1 |
Number of simulations | 20 |
BW/kHz | 125 |
SF | 7–12 |
Coding rate CR | 4/5 |
Hello message interval/s | 5 |
TC message interval/s | 8 |
Business Type | Transmission Delay | Reliability | Success Rate | Business Proportion | Payload | Priority |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anomaly alarm | Low | High | 98% | 5% | 5 Byte | 1 |
Control | Low | High | 95% | 20% | 10 Byte | 2 |
Energy monitoring | Medium | Medium | 90% | 40% | 20 Byte | 3 |
Environmental monitoring | Medium | Medium | 80% | 30% | 20 Byte | 4 |
Other business | High | Medium | 80% | 5% | 10 Byte | 5 |
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Share and Cite
Pang, S.; Lu, J.; Pan, R.; Wang, H.; Wang, X.; Ye, Z.; Feng, J. Optimizing Routing Protocol Design for Long-Range Distributed Multi-Hop Networks. Electronics 2024, 13, 3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13193957
Pang S, Lu J, Pan R, Wang H, Wang X, Ye Z, Feng J. Optimizing Routing Protocol Design for Long-Range Distributed Multi-Hop Networks. Electronics. 2024; 13(19):3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13193957
Chicago/Turabian StylePang, Shengli, Jing Lu, Ruoyu Pan, Honggang Wang, Xute Wang, Zhifan Ye, and Jingyi Feng. 2024. "Optimizing Routing Protocol Design for Long-Range Distributed Multi-Hop Networks" Electronics 13, no. 19: 3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13193957
APA StylePang, S., Lu, J., Pan, R., Wang, H., Wang, X., Ye, Z., & Feng, J. (2024). Optimizing Routing Protocol Design for Long-Range Distributed Multi-Hop Networks. Electronics, 13(19), 3957. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13193957