Two-Area Automatic Generation Control for Power Systems with Highly Penetrating Renewable Energy Sources
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Development of an AGC controller model for a 106-bus power system using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software [24]. This model integrates various power sources such as wind, solar, hydro, and thermal power, with RESs constituting a significant portion of the total generating capacity.
- Testing the AGC system under two scenarios involving instantaneous changes in RES capacity within the system. Scenario 1 is the process of reducing the generation capacity of RES on the grid and Scenario 2 considers the failure of an important generator participating in the AGC system during the frequency adjustment process. These scenarios are designed based on common events observed in practical operations.
- Analyze the operation of traditional generators involved and not involved in the AGC system, as well as system frequency, power flow on tie-lines, and other elements within the power system.
2. Two-Area AGC Model
2.1. Turbine–Governor Control System
2.2. AGC Algorithm for Two-Area Power System
3. Result and Analysis
3.1. Network Overview
3.2. Governor and AGC Model in DIgSILENT PowerFactory
3.3. Simulation Results
3.3.1. Scenario 1: Reduction in Generating Capacity of Solar Power Plants in Area 1
3.3.2. Scenario 2: Reduced Power-Generation Capacity of Solar Power Plants and Frequency-Controlled Generator in Area 1—Forcing Shutdown due to Problems
4. Conclusions
- Control of the power flow on the transmission lines in a given area to ensure that it is not overloaded.
- Experiment with a larger system model that is divided into more areas. In addition to the principle of geographical division, it is necessary to study the scenario of dividing a large area into many small areas according to internal lines that are often overloaded.
- Apply advanced control strategies such as adaptive control, machine-learning-based approaches, and artificial intelligence to the AGC system to make monitoring and control capabilities more flexible.
- Combine the AGC model with models of the electricity market (economic dispatch) and auxiliary services in the power system.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Acronyms
RES | renewable energy source |
AGC | automatic generation control |
LFC | load frequency control |
IEA | International Energy Agency |
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Area 1 | Area 2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Rate Capacity [MW] | No. | Rate Capacity [MW] | |
Transmission lines | 54 | _ | 6 | _ |
Transmission tie-lines | 02 | 300 | 02 | 300 |
Thermal power plant | 08 | 3950 | 01 | 210 |
Hydropower plant | 14 | 1950 | 02 | 450 |
Wind power plant | 13 | 570 | 01 | 60 |
Solar power plant | 33 | 1800 | 04 | 190 |
Block | Represent | Value |
---|---|---|
Reference frequency | 50 | |
Dead band | Dead band of governor | 0.05 |
Inverse droop | 20 | |
Governor time constant | Hydro turbine: 1 Steam turbine: 0.1 | |
Limits | Limits turbine capacity | y _max: 1 y _min: 0 |
Block | Represent | Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Area 1 | Area 2 | ||
Reference frequency | 50 | 50 | |
Constant Bias | Frequency bias | 25 | 20 |
Preset power area exchange | 125 | 125 | |
in PI controller | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
in PI controller | 100 | 100 | |
Participation coefficient of generator g in area i | 0.6 (0.8 for A1_Hydro_01) | 0.6 |
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Lam, L.H.; Nam, L.K.; Dung, N.K.T.; Hieu, N.H. Two-Area Automatic Generation Control for Power Systems with Highly Penetrating Renewable Energy Sources. Electronics 2024, 13, 2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13152907
Lam LH, Nam LK, Dung NKT, Hieu NH. Two-Area Automatic Generation Control for Power Systems with Highly Penetrating Renewable Energy Sources. Electronics. 2024; 13(15):2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13152907
Chicago/Turabian StyleLam, Le Hong, Le Khoa Nam, Nguyen Khac Tien Dung, and Nguyen Huu Hieu. 2024. "Two-Area Automatic Generation Control for Power Systems with Highly Penetrating Renewable Energy Sources" Electronics 13, no. 15: 2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13152907
APA StyleLam, L. H., Nam, L. K., Dung, N. K. T., & Hieu, N. H. (2024). Two-Area Automatic Generation Control for Power Systems with Highly Penetrating Renewable Energy Sources. Electronics, 13(15), 2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13152907