Dynamic Resonant-Inductive Wireless Power Transfer System for Automated Guided Vehicles with Reduced Number of Position Sensors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Description of the Dynamic WPT System with the Proposed Position Detection Technique
- When the first sensor (from the beginning of the track) is active, it sends logic value “1” to the MCU digital input PA4, and as a result of this, the MCU sends logic value “1” from its digital output PB10 to the driver of the first relay to energize the first transmitting coil; since other digital outputs (PB11–PB15) of the MCU yield logic value “0”, only the first transmitting coil is active.
- At the moment when the first sensor becomes inactive, the MCU digital input PA4 receives logic value “0”; therefore, the MCU sends logic “0” from its digital output PB10 to the driver of the first relay to deactivate the first transmitting coil; at the same moment, the MCU sends logic value “1” from its digital output PB11 to the driver of the second relay to energize the second transmitting coil.
- At the moment when the second sensor becomes active, the MCU digital input PB0 receives logic value “1”; therefore, the MCU sends logic “0” from its digital output PB11 to the driver of the second relay to deactivate the second transmitting coil; at the same moment, the MCU sends logic value “1” from its digital output PB12 to the driver of the third relay to energize the third transmitting coil.
- The process of the activation/deactivation of the transmitting coils repeats periodically until the moment when all the position detection sensors become inactivated (it happens when the electrical vehicle resembling an AGV has passed the last transmitting coil).
- When the electrical vehicle resembling an AGV has passed the last transmitting coil, the MCU receives logic values “0” at all its digital inputs, and therefore, all relays and corresponding transmitting coils are deactivated; the dynamic WPT system is now operating in standby mode.
3. Experimental Part
3.1. Description of the Experimental Setup
3.2. Experimental Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Numerical Value | Unit of Measurement |
---|---|---|
Inductance of the transmitting coils | 26 | μH |
Inductance of the receiving coil | 26 | μH |
Switching frequency of the inverter | 145–147 | kHz |
DC input voltage of the inverter | 12.4 | V |
Tolerance on the inductances | ±5 | % |
Total nominal capacitance of the transmitting-side compensation | 2 × 22 | nF |
Total nominal capacitance of the receiving-side compensation | 2 × 22 | nF |
Distance between the transmitting and the receiving coils’ ferrite pads | 2.5 | cm |
Mutual inductance between the transmitting and the receiving coils (when they are aligned perfectly) | 14 | μH |
Dimensions of the ferrite pad | 10 × 10 | cm |
Distance between the centers of the transmitting coils | 16 | cm |
AGV path length | 1 | m |
Total number of transmitting coils | 6 | - |
Type of the Method and Sensor Used for Position Detection | η1 | η2 |
---|---|---|
Proposed method, magnetoresistive sensor | 31.6% | 88.7% |
Proposed method, optical sensor | 32.7% | 90.2% |
Conventional method, magnetoresistive sensor | 31.4% | 88.3% |
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Stepins, D.; Sokolovs, A.; Zakis, J. Dynamic Resonant-Inductive Wireless Power Transfer System for Automated Guided Vehicles with Reduced Number of Position Sensors. Electronics 2024, 13, 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13122377
Stepins D, Sokolovs A, Zakis J. Dynamic Resonant-Inductive Wireless Power Transfer System for Automated Guided Vehicles with Reduced Number of Position Sensors. Electronics. 2024; 13(12):2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13122377
Chicago/Turabian StyleStepins, Deniss, Aleksandrs Sokolovs, and Janis Zakis. 2024. "Dynamic Resonant-Inductive Wireless Power Transfer System for Automated Guided Vehicles with Reduced Number of Position Sensors" Electronics 13, no. 12: 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13122377
APA StyleStepins, D., Sokolovs, A., & Zakis, J. (2024). Dynamic Resonant-Inductive Wireless Power Transfer System for Automated Guided Vehicles with Reduced Number of Position Sensors. Electronics, 13(12), 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13122377