Global Warming Potential and Waste Handling of Pearl Farming in Ago Bay, Mie Prefecture, Japan
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. LCA Framework
2.2.1. Goal and Scope Definition
2.2.2. Life-Cycle Inventory
2.2.3. Life-Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Life-Cycle Impact Assessment
3.2. Comparing the Global Warming Potential of Pearls with Other Jewelries
3.3. Solid-Waste Handling in Pearl Farming
3.3.1. Defective Pearls
3.3.2. Shell Waste
3.3.3. Plastic Waste
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Inputs | Value |
---|---|
Materials and fuel | |
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) | 8 |
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | 0.8 |
Rubber | 0.1 |
Concrete (kg) | 0.6 |
Wood (m3) | 102 |
Fuel (l) | 45 |
Engine oil (l) | 0.4 |
Energy | |
Electricity (kWh) | 0.5 |
Resources | |
Seawater (m3) | 2.12 |
Freshwater (m3) | 0.1 |
Greenhouse Gas | Emission Values (kg) | Global Warming Potential Values (kg CO2eq) |
---|---|---|
Carbon dioxide (CO2) | 1.1 × 10−1 | 0.10 |
Methane (CH4) | 5.1 × 10−2 | 1.43 |
Nitrous oxides (N2O) | 1.3 × 10−2 | 3.45 |
Total global warming potential | 4.98 |
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Pinka, D.; Matsubae, K. Global Warming Potential and Waste Handling of Pearl Farming in Ago Bay, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Resources 2023, 12, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12070075
Pinka D, Matsubae K. Global Warming Potential and Waste Handling of Pearl Farming in Ago Bay, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Resources. 2023; 12(7):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12070075
Chicago/Turabian StylePinka, Dheanara, and Kazuyo Matsubae. 2023. "Global Warming Potential and Waste Handling of Pearl Farming in Ago Bay, Mie Prefecture, Japan" Resources 12, no. 7: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12070075
APA StylePinka, D., & Matsubae, K. (2023). Global Warming Potential and Waste Handling of Pearl Farming in Ago Bay, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Resources, 12(7), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12070075