Antarctic Epilithic Lichens as Niches for Black Meristematic Fungi
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
Lichen species | Location | Coordinates | Sampling date | Fungal strains (CCFEE) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acarospora sp. | Ford Peak, NVL | 75°41'26.3''S 160°26'25.3''E | 28/01/2004 | - |
Acarospora flavocordia Castello & Nimis | Kay Island, NVL | 75°04'13.7''S 165°19'02.0''E | 30/01/2004 | 5324 |
Buellia frigida Darb. | Inexpressible Island, NVL | 75°52'23.2''S 163°42'16.5''E | 17/01/2004 | - |
Lecanora fuscobrunnea Dodge & Baker | Edmonson Point, NVL | 74°19'43.7''S 165°08'00.7''E | 29/01/2004 | 5320 * |
Lecanora fuscobrunnea Dodge & Baker | Convoy Range, Terra SVL | 76°54'33.0''S 160°50'00.0''E | 25/01/2004 | 5303 |
Lecanora sp. | Inexpressible Island, NVL | 75°52'23.2''S 163°42'16.5''E | 17/01/2004 | 5319 *, 5323 |
Lecidea sp. | Starr Nunatak, NVL | 75°53'55.7''S 162°35'31.3''E | 15/02/2004 | 5318 |
Lecidea sp. | Starr Nunatak, Terra Vittoria del Nord | 75°53'55.7''S 162°35'31.3''E | 15/02/2004 | 5326 |
Lecidea cancriformis Dodge & Baker | Widowmaker Pass, NVL | 74°55'23.5''S 162°24'17.0''E | 12/02/2004 | 5321 ** |
Rhizocarpon sp. | Vegetation Island, NVL | 74°47'05.2''S 163°38'40.3''E | 16/01/2004 | 5312 |
Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. | Kay Island, NVL | 75°04'13.7''S 165°19'02.0''E | 30/01/2004 | - |
Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. | Kay Island, NVL | 75°04'13.7''S 165°19'02.0''E | 02/02/2004 | - |
Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. | Vegetation Island, NVL | 74°47'05.2''S 163°38'40.3''E | 16/01/2004 | 5317 |
Usnea antarctica Du Rietz | Kay Island, NVL | 75°04'13.7''S 165°19'02.0''E | 30/01/2004 | - |
Usnea antarctica Du Rietz | Vegetation Island, NVL | 74°47'05.2''S 163°38'40.3''E | 16/01/2004 | 5313 * |
Xanthoria elegans (Link) th. Fr. | Kay Island, NVL | 75°04'13.7''S 165°19'02.0''E | 30/01/2004 | 5314, 5322 |
Species | Strains no. | Source | Location | SSU |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acidomyces acidophilum | C2 | acid mine drainage | CA, USA | AY374300 |
Acidomyces acidophilum | A3-7 | acid mine drainage | CA, USA | AY374299 |
Acidomyces acidophilum | B1 | acid mine drainage | CA, USA | AY374298 |
Aureobasidium pullulans | 28v1 | - | - | AY137505 |
Aureobasidium pullulans | 30v4 | - | - | AY137507 |
Botryosphaeria ribis | CBS 121.26 | Ribes rubrum | - | U42477 |
Botryosphaeria ribis | CBS 115475 | Ribes | - | DQ678000 |
Capnobotryella renispora | CBS 214.90 | Abies | Japan | EF137360 |
Capnobotryella renispora | CBS 215.90 | Sphagnum | Japan | AY220613 |
Capnobotryella renispora | CBS 572.89 | Roof tile | Sweeden | AY220614 |
Capnobotryella renispora | UAMH 9870 | Sphagnum | - | AY220611 |
Capronia coronata | CBS 617.96 | Decorticated wood | New Zealand | AJ232939 |
Capronia semiimmersa | CBS 840.69 | Decaying timber | Finland | AY554291 |
Catenulostroma abietis | CBS 459.93 | Abies | Germany | DQ678040 |
Cladophialophora carrionii | CBS 260.83 | Skin lesion | - | AY554285 |
Cladophialophora sp. | CBS 985.96 | Brain | USA | AJ232953 |
Coccodinium bartschii | UME30232 | - | - | U77668 |
Coniosporium sp. | MA 4597 | Marble | Turkey | AJ972863 |
Cyphellophora laciniata | MUCL 9569 | - | - | AY342010 |
Cryomyces antarcticus | CCFEE 514 | Rock | Antarctica | GU250319 |
Cryomyces antarcticus | CCFEE 515 | Rock | Antarctica | GU250320 |
Cryomyces antarcticus | CBS 116301T; CCFEE 534 | Sandstone | Antarctica | DQ028269 |
Cryomyces minteri | CBS 116302; CCFEE 5187 | Sandstone | Antarctica | DQ028270 |
Discosphaerina fagi | CBS 171.93 | Populus leaf | UK | AY016342 |
Elasticomyces elasticus | CBS 122538; CCFEE 5313 | Lichen | Antarctica | FJ415474 |
Elasticomyces elasticus | CBS 122539; CCFEE 5319 | Lichen | Antarctica | GU250332 |
Elasticomyces elasticus | CBS 122540; CCFEE 5320 | Lichen | Antarctica | GU250333 |
Elsinoe centrolobii | CBS 222.50 | Centrolobium robustum | Brazil | DQ678041 |
Exophiala salmonis | CBS 157.67 | Salmo clarkii | Canada | JN856020 |
Exophiala salmonis | AFTOL-ID 671 | - | - | EF413608 |
Friedmanniomyces endolithicus | CCFEE 670 | Rock | Antarctica | GU250322 |
Friedmanniomyces endolithicus | CCFEE 5208 | Rock | Antarctica | Unpublished |
Friedmanniomyces endolithicus | CCFEE 5321 | Lichen | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Fonsecaea pedrosoi | CBS 272.37 | - | - | AY554290 |
Guignardia mangiferae | IFO 33119 | Rhododendron pulchrum | - | AB041247 |
Guignardia mangiferae | CBS 226.77 | Paphiopedilum callosum | - | AB041248 |
Guignardia mangiferae | CBS 398.80 | Orchid | - | AB041249 |
Hobsonia santessonii | - | - | - | AF289658 |
Hortaea werneckii | dH10921 | Marble | - | Y18700 |
Hortaea werneckii | CBS 107.67 | human Tinea nigra | - | Y18693 |
Knufia chersonesos | CBS 600.93; dH16058 | Marble | Greece | Y18702 |
Knufia chersonesos | CBS 726.95 | Marble | Italy | Unpublished |
Knufia perforans | CBS 885.95 | Marble | Delos, Greece | Y11714 |
Knufia perforans | CBS 665.80 | Marble | Delos, Greece | Y11712 |
Mycocalicium victoriae | CBS 109863 | Soil | Italy | Unpublished |
Myriangium duriaei | CBS 260.36 | Chrysomphalus | Argentina | NG_013129 |
Pseudotaeniolina globosa | CBS 109889 | Rock | Italy | GU214576 |
Saxomyces alpinus | CCFEE 5466 | Rock | Alps, Italy | GU250350 |
Saxomyces alpinus | CCFEE 5469 | Rock | Alps, Italy | KC315860 |
Saxomyces alpinus | CCFEE 5470 | Rock | Alps, Italy | KC315861 |
Saxomyces penninicus | CCFEE 5495 | Rock | Alps, Italy | KC315864 |
Recurvomyces mirabilis | CBS 119434; CCFEE 5264 | Rock | Antarctica | GU250329 |
Rhinocladiella atrovirens | CBS 688.76 | Pinus | Australia | AJ232937 |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 451 | Rock | Antarctic | GU250314 |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 457 | Rock | Antarctic | GU250317 |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 507 | Rock | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 5176 | Rock | Antarctic | GU250325 |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 5177 | Rock | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 5205 | Rock | Antarctic | GU250327 |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 5207 | Rock | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 5267 | Rock | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 5284 | Rock | Antarctic | GU250330 |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 5303 | Rock | Antarctic | GU250331 |
Rock black fungus | CCFEE 5329 | Rock | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Teratosphaeria microspora | CBS 101951; STE-U 1960 | Leaf | South Africa | EU167572 |
Teratosphaeria molleriana | CPC 1214 | Eucalyptus globulus | Portugal | GU214606 |
Teratosphaeria molleriana | CPC 4577 | Eucalyptus | Australia | GU214582 |
Teratosphaeria molleriana | CPC 10397 | Eucalyptus globulus | Spain | GU214607 |
Teratosphaeria nubilosa | CPC 933 | Eucalyptus nitens | South Africa | GU214608 |
Teratosphaeria nubilosa | CPC 937 | Eucalyptus globulus | Australia | GU214609 |
Unknown black fungus | CCFEE 5304 | Lichen | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Unknown black fungus | CCFEE 5312 | Lichen | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Unknown black fungus | CCFEE 5314 | Lichen | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Unknown black fungus | CCFEE 5317 | Lichen | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Unknown black fungus | CCFEE 5318 | Lichen | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Unknown black fungus | CCFEE 5322 | Lichen | Antarctic | GU250334 |
Unknown black fungus | CCFEE 5323 | Lichen | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Unknown black fungus | CCFEE 5324 | Lichen | Antarctic | Unpublished |
Unknown black fungus | CCFEE 5326 | Lichen | Antarctic | Unpublished |
3. Results and Discussion
Temperature (°C) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isolates | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 |
CCFEE 5303 | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 2.5 | 11.3 ± 0.4 | 13.8 ± 1.8 | - | - | - |
CCFEE 5312 | 6.9 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ± 1.1 | 11.8 ± 0.4 | 18.2 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | - | - |
CCFEE 5313 | 16.4 ± 0.8 | 12.9 ± 0.6 | 25.8 ± 0.4 | 31.9 ± 3.7 | 30.8 ± 1.1 | 19.5 ± 3.5 | - |
CCFEE 5314 | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 7 ± 0 | 31.9 ± 3.7 | - | - | - |
CCFEE 5317 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 8 ± 1.4 | 12 ± 0 | - | - | - |
CCFEE 5318 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 13.3 ± 0.4 | 13 ± 0.4 | 13.5 ± 0.7 | 11.3 ± 3.2 | - |
CCFEE 5319 | 15.5 ± 0.7 | 11.9 ± 0.1 | 22 ± 0 | 30 ± 0.7 | 24 ± 0.7 | 11.8 ± 1.1 | - |
CCFEE 5320 | 14 ± 0.7 | 10.8 ± 1.1 | 23 ± 1.4 | 27.7 ± 0.9 | 22.5 ± 0.7 | 16.8 ± 1.8 | - |
CCFEE 5321 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 8.8 ± 0 | 10.3 ± 1.8 | - | - | - |
CCFEE 5322 | 10.3 ± 1.8 | 9.8 ± 1.1 | 14 ± 1.4 | 18.4 ± 2.3 | 4 ± 0 | - | - |
CCFEE 5323 | 7 ± 0.7 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 7 ± 2.1 | 18 ± 0.7 | 20.5 ± 0.7 | - | - |
CCFEE 5324 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 8.8 ± 0 | - | - | - |
CCFEE 5326 | 2.5 ± 0 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 7 ± 0.7 | - | - | - |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
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Selbmann, L.; Grube, M.; Onofri, S.; Isola, D.; Zucconi, L. Antarctic Epilithic Lichens as Niches for Black Meristematic Fungi. Biology 2013, 2, 784-797. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020784
Selbmann L, Grube M, Onofri S, Isola D, Zucconi L. Antarctic Epilithic Lichens as Niches for Black Meristematic Fungi. Biology. 2013; 2(2):784-797. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020784
Chicago/Turabian StyleSelbmann, Laura, Martin Grube, Silvano Onofri, Daniela Isola, and Laura Zucconi. 2013. "Antarctic Epilithic Lichens as Niches for Black Meristematic Fungi" Biology 2, no. 2: 784-797. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020784
APA StyleSelbmann, L., Grube, M., Onofri, S., Isola, D., & Zucconi, L. (2013). Antarctic Epilithic Lichens as Niches for Black Meristematic Fungi. Biology, 2(2), 784-797. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020784