The Effects of Additives, Particles Load and Current Density on Codeposition of SiC Particles in NiP Nanocomposite Coatings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Deposition Current Efficiency (CE)
3.2. Coatings Morphology
3.3. Coatings Composition
3.4. Coatings Microhardness
4. Conclusions
- Additive-free bath produces smooth surfaces due to the amorphous state of the NiP alloys. However, the presence of the 100 nm SiC powder induced a nodular morphology. Higher current density, as well as SiC loading, resulted in more and finer nodular morphology. Regarding the additives, the addition of SDS promoted the formation of the nodules in the pure NiP coatings and promoted coarser nodules in other cases.
- The particles slightly influenced the current efficiency of the process, and therefore, pH changed a bit (From 2.15 to 2.32) during the deposition which led to a slight reduction in wt.% P of the coatings by increasing SiC particles codeposition. Additives did not influence the current efficiency noticeably, while SDS increased the P content of pure NiP coatings.
- The addition of saccharin increased the SiC codeposited fraction from 7 wt.% (maximum content of SiC in the coatings without additives) to the maximum 13 wt.%, while SDS, reduced it to 1 wt.%.
- There is no direct relation between codeposited wt.% SiC and the coating´s microhardness values since SiC codeposition rate is not the only factor determining the hardness of these coatings, as the particles might interact with the microstructure as well.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Compositions | g/L | Bath 1 | Bath 2 | Bath 3 | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NiSO4·7H2O | 100–150 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | i: 1, 2, 4 A/dm2 |
NiCl2·6H2O | 15–30 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | T: 70 °C |
H3BO3 | 15–30 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Agitation: 250 rpm |
H3PO3 | 100–130 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Anode: Pure Ni sheet |
SiC | 10, 20 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | pH: 2.15 |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate | 0–1 | – | – | ✓ | – |
Saccharin | 0–3 | – | ✓ | ✓ | – |
Areas | Area 1 | Area 2 | Area 3 |
---|---|---|---|
wt.% P | 14.35 | 8.02 | 14.28 |
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Ahmadkhaniha, D.; Zanella, C. The Effects of Additives, Particles Load and Current Density on Codeposition of SiC Particles in NiP Nanocomposite Coatings. Coatings 2019, 9, 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090554
Ahmadkhaniha D, Zanella C. The Effects of Additives, Particles Load and Current Density on Codeposition of SiC Particles in NiP Nanocomposite Coatings. Coatings. 2019; 9(9):554. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090554
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmadkhaniha, Donya, and Caterina Zanella. 2019. "The Effects of Additives, Particles Load and Current Density on Codeposition of SiC Particles in NiP Nanocomposite Coatings" Coatings 9, no. 9: 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090554