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Volume 15
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10.3390/coatings15030348
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Article

Investigating the Microstructural Behavior and Energy Absorption of Pure Copper Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Electron Beam Melting

by
Xin Yang
1,2,3,
Zhaoyang Zhang
1,4,
Fan Song
4,
Xiaodong Xie
1,5,
Huan Qi
1,2,3 and
Chao Ding
1,2,*
1
Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing Innovation Research Center, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
2
Zhejiang-Thailand International Joint Laboratory on New Materials Digital Design and Processing Technology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
3
College of Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
4
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
5
College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2025, 15(3), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030348
Submission received: 24 February 2025 / Revised: 8 March 2025 / Accepted: 11 March 2025 / Published: 18 March 2025
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Abstract

Pure copper’s exceptional thermal and electrical properties, along with its processability, make it indispensable in aerospace, automotive, and electrical industries, particularly in heat exchangers and radiators. Lattice structures, with high specific surface areas, low weight, and high strength, are ideal for lightweight yet strong components. While traditional methods struggle with complex lattice geometries, selective electron beam melting (SEBM) enables the fabrication of intricate pure copper lattices with high energy efficiency in a vacuum environment. This study used SEBM to fabricate OCTET pure copper lattices with relative densities of 21.16%–73.77%. The macrostructure matched the design, achieving a maximum energy absorption capacity of 15.00 MJ/m3. At 40.04% relative density, compressive response shifted from shock to compression hardening, with densification strains ranging from 23.96% to 51.68%. Microdefects such as corrugation, size differences, and internal holes influenced mechanical properties and energy absorption. Post-polishing reduced surface roughness from 14.12 μm to 2.70 μm without affecting specific energy absorption. Increasing strut diameter reduced the microdefects’ impact on lattice strength, enhancing performance and reliability.
Keywords: selective electron beam melting; microstructural behavior; pure copper; lattice structure; energy absorption selective electron beam melting; microstructural behavior; pure copper; lattice structure; energy absorption

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Song, F.; Xie, X.; Qi, H.; Ding, C. Investigating the Microstructural Behavior and Energy Absorption of Pure Copper Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Electron Beam Melting. Coatings 2025, 15, 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030348

AMA Style

Yang X, Zhang Z, Song F, Xie X, Qi H, Ding C. Investigating the Microstructural Behavior and Energy Absorption of Pure Copper Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Electron Beam Melting. Coatings. 2025; 15(3):348. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030348

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Xin, Zhaoyang Zhang, Fan Song, Xiaodong Xie, Huan Qi, and Chao Ding. 2025. "Investigating the Microstructural Behavior and Energy Absorption of Pure Copper Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Electron Beam Melting" Coatings 15, no. 3: 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030348

APA Style

Yang, X., Zhang, Z., Song, F., Xie, X., Qi, H., & Ding, C. (2025). Investigating the Microstructural Behavior and Energy Absorption of Pure Copper Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Electron Beam Melting. Coatings, 15(3), 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030348

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