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Biosensors
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/bios13020196
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Article

From Biowaste to Lab-Bench: Low-Cost Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for RNA Extraction and SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics

by
Le Yu
1,2,†,
Penelope Adamson
3,†,
Pei Lay Yap
1,2,
Tran Tung
1,2,
Shaheer Makar
1,2,4,
Mark Turra
3,
Geoff Higgins
3 and
Dusan Losic
1,2,*
1
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
2
ARC Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
3
SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biosensors 2023, 13(2), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020196
Submission received: 13 December 2022 / Revised: 12 January 2023 / Accepted: 19 January 2023 / Published: 28 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Sensing and Biosensing)
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Abstract

The gold standard for diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus is based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using centralized PCR facilities and commercial viral RNA extraction kits. One of the key components of these kits are magnetic beads composed of silica coated magnetic iron oxide (Fe2O3 or Fe3O4) nanoparticles, needed for the selective extraction of RNA. At the beginning of the pandemic in 2019, due to a high demand across the world there were severe shortages of many reagents and consumables, including these magnetic beads required for testing for SARS-CoV-2. Laboratories needed to source these products elsewhere, preferably at a comparable or lower cost. Here, we describe the development of a simple, low-cost and scalable preparation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) from biowaste and demonstrate their successful application in viral RNA extraction and the detection of COVID-19. These MNPs have a unique nanoplatelet shape with a high surface area, which are beneficial features, expected to provide improved RNA adsorption, better dispersion and processing ability compared with commercial spherical magnetic beads. Their performance in COVID-19 RNA extraction was evaluated in comparison with commercial magnetic beads and the results presented here showed comparable results for high throughput PCR analysis. The presented magnetic nanoplatelets generated from biomass waste are safe, low-cost, simple to produce in large scale and could provide a significantly reduced cost of nucleic acid extraction for SARS-CoV-2 and other DNA and RNA viruses.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); RNA extraction; magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles; biowaste; bacterial biofilm SARS-CoV-2; real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); RNA extraction; magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles; biowaste; bacterial biofilm

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yu, L.; Adamson, P.; Lay Yap, P.; Tung, T.; Makar, S.; Turra, M.; Higgins, G.; Losic, D. From Biowaste to Lab-Bench: Low-Cost Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for RNA Extraction and SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics. Biosensors 2023, 13, 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020196

AMA Style

Yu L, Adamson P, Lay Yap P, Tung T, Makar S, Turra M, Higgins G, Losic D. From Biowaste to Lab-Bench: Low-Cost Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for RNA Extraction and SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics. Biosensors. 2023; 13(2):196. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020196

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu, Le, Penelope Adamson, Pei Lay Yap, Tran Tung, Shaheer Makar, Mark Turra, Geoff Higgins, and Dusan Losic. 2023. "From Biowaste to Lab-Bench: Low-Cost Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for RNA Extraction and SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics" Biosensors 13, no. 2: 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020196

APA Style

Yu, L., Adamson, P., Lay Yap, P., Tung, T., Makar, S., Turra, M., Higgins, G., & Losic, D. (2023). From Biowaste to Lab-Bench: Low-Cost Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for RNA Extraction and SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics. Biosensors, 13(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020196

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