Emerging Mesoporous Polyacrylamide/Gelatin–Iron Lanthanum Oxide Nanohybrids towards the Antibiotic Drugs Removal from the Wastewater
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of Iron Lanthanum Oxide Nanoparticles
2.2. Synthesis of P-G-ILO Nanohybrid
2.3. Characterization
2.4. Design of Experiments for the Adsorption of DF
2.5. Isotherm Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study
3. Result and Discussion
3.1. Structural and Morphological Characterization
3.2. Variable Effects of the Adsorption Capacity of DF
3.3. Optimization of DF Adsorption Parameters
3.4. Mechanism of the Adsorption of DF Molecules onto the P-G-ILO Nanohybrid
3.5. Nonlinear Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Models
3.6. Nonlinear PFO Kinetic Models
3.7. Adsorption Thermodynamic of DF Removal
3.8. Regeneration and Reusability of the P-G-ILO Nanohybrid
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Unit | Factor | Range | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
−1 | 0 | +1 | |||
Concentration | (mg/L) | A | 50 | 75 | 100 |
pH | B | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
Time | (min) | C | 10 | 35 | 60 |
Dose | (g/L) | D | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.4 |
Source | Adjusted Standard Dev. | Adjusted R-Squared | Predicted R-Squared | R-Squared | PRESS | Column4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linear | 22.608 | 0.864 | 0.842 | 0.782 | 20,471.64 | |
2FI | 16.83 | 0.942 | 0.912 | 0.850 | 14,024.17 | |
Quadratic | 6.169 | 0.993 | 0.988 | 0.961 | 3594.69 | Suggested |
Cubic | 2.56 | 0.999 | 0.997 | 0.879 | 11,353.64 | Aliased |
Sum of | Mean | F | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source | Squares | df | Square | Value | Prob > F | |
Model | 93,485.03 | 14 | 6677.50 | 175.46 | <0.0001 | significant |
A—Concentration | 20,115.36 | 1 | 20,115.36 | 528.56 | <0.0001 | |
B—pH | 3289.14 | 1 | 3289.14 | 86.43 | <0.0001 | |
C—Time | 7.92 | 1 | 7.92 | 0.21 | 0.6548 | |
D—Dose | 57,864.89 | 1 | 57,864.89 | 1520.48 | <0.0001 | |
AB | 379.96 | 1 | 379.96 | 9.98 | 0.0065 | |
AC | 30.21 | 1 | 30.21 | 0.79 | 0.3870 | |
AD | 5689.98 | 1 | 5689.98 | 149.51 | <0.0001 | |
BC | 7.73 | 1 | 7.73 | 0.20 | 0.6586 | |
BD | 1275.51 | 1 | 1275.51 | 33.52 | <0.0001 | |
CD | 9.98 | 1 | 9.98 | 0.26 | 0.6161 | |
A2 | 0.068 | 1 | 0.068 | 1.774 × 10−3 | 0.9670 | |
B2 | 421.87 | 1 | 421.87 | 11.09 | 0.0046 | |
C2 | 32.34 | 1 | 32.34 | 0.85 | 0.3712 | |
D2 | 3296.04 | 1 | 3296.04 | 86.61 | <0.0001 | |
Residual | 570.85 | 15 | 38.06 | |||
Lack of Fit | 570.85 | 10 | 57.09 | |||
Pure Error | 0.000 | 5 | 0.000 | |||
Cor Total | 94,055.88 | 29 |
Adsorbent | qm | Isotherm/Kinetics | References |
---|---|---|---|
Chitosan-modified waste tire crumb rubber | 70 mg/g | Freundlich/pseudo second | [32] |
Chloride-modified zeolite | 31 mg/g | ---- | [33] |
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified zeolite | 43 mg/g | ---- | [33] |
Granular carbon nanotubes/alumina | 106.5 μmol/g | Langmuir | [34] |
Tea waste-derived activated carbon | 91 | Langmuir/pseudo second | [35] |
Commercial activated carbon | 76.98 mg/g | Freundlich/pseudo second | [36] |
Reduced graphene oxide | 59.67 mg/g | Liu isotherm | [37] |
ZnFe2O4/chitosan magnetic | 10 mg/g | BET multilayer model/pseudo second | [38] |
Temperature (K) | Langmuir | Freundlich | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Parameters | ||||||||
qm (mg/g) | B (L/mg) | RL | R2 | SEE | Kf (mg/g)(L/mg)1/n | 1/n | R2 | SEE | |
308 | 258 | 2.05 | 0.0048 | 0.977 | 7.25 | 165 | 0.268 | 0.981 | 6.52 |
303 | 256 | 1.78 | 0.0055 | 0.948 | 10.95 | 161 | 0.285 | 0.991 | 4.42 |
298 | 254 | 1.70 | 0.0058 | 0.928 | 12.84 | 153 | 0.289 | 0.982 | 6.30 |
Conc (mg/L) | k1 (1/min) | Pseudo First Order | Pseudo Second Order | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe (cal) (mg/g) | SEE | R2 | k2 × 10−2 (g/mg min−1) | qe (cal) (mg/g) | SEE | R2 | ||
80 | 0.42 | 197 | 0.59 | 0.822 | 2.4 | 198 | 0.153 | 0.988 |
90 | 0.44 | 221 | 0.44 | 0.882 | 2.6 | 222 | 0.170 | 0.982 |
100 | 0.43 | 246 | 0.62 | 0.842 | 2.1 | 247 | 0.092 | 0.996 |
Adsorbate | Conc (mg/L) | ∆H° (kJ/mol) | ∆S° (kJ/mol K) | −∆G° (kJ/mol) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
298 K | 303 K | 308 K | ||||
DCF | 80 | 14.2 | 0.085 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 12.0 |
90 | 21.8 | 0.107 | 10.2 | 10.7 | 11.3 | |
100 | 2.1 | 0.041 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 10.6 |
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Parveen, N.; Alqahtani, F.O.; Alsulaim, G.M.; Alsharif, S.A.; Alnahdi, K.M.; Alali, H.A.; Ahmad, M.M.; Ansari, S.A. Emerging Mesoporous Polyacrylamide/Gelatin–Iron Lanthanum Oxide Nanohybrids towards the Antibiotic Drugs Removal from the Wastewater. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13212835
Parveen N, Alqahtani FO, Alsulaim GM, Alsharif SA, Alnahdi KM, Alali HA, Ahmad MM, Ansari SA. Emerging Mesoporous Polyacrylamide/Gelatin–Iron Lanthanum Oxide Nanohybrids towards the Antibiotic Drugs Removal from the Wastewater. Nanomaterials. 2023; 13(21):2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13212835
Chicago/Turabian StyleParveen, Nazish, Fatimah Othman Alqahtani, Ghayah M. Alsulaim, Shada A. Alsharif, Kholoud M. Alnahdi, Hasna Abdullah Alali, Mohamad M. Ahmad, and Sajid Ali Ansari. 2023. "Emerging Mesoporous Polyacrylamide/Gelatin–Iron Lanthanum Oxide Nanohybrids towards the Antibiotic Drugs Removal from the Wastewater" Nanomaterials 13, no. 21: 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13212835