Ritual Kitchens and Communal Feasting: Excavating the Southeastern Sector of the Ataruz Temple Courtyard, Jordan
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Temple Kitchen
2.1. Room A16
2.2. Function of Room A16
2.3. Room A17
3. Libation/Animal Slaughter Area
3.1. Bedrock Outcrop
3.2. Courtyard Alley
4. Temple Dining Area
4.1. Squares E6 and E7
4.2. Animal Bones
5. Discussion
5.1. Temple Kitchen
5.2. Blood Libation Rock
5.3. Implications of Faunal Data
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
1 | Throughout this paper, locus numbers are cited as Square:Locus—square designation, a colon, the letter “L,” and the locus number (e.g., A29:L1). Room (R), Wall (W), and Installation (I) numbers are assigned and used in place of locus numbers only after the feature is fully excavated, its context is clearly defined, and its significance within the site is established. |
2 | Additionally, the sacrificial animal’s blood could be shed across the bedrock surface rather than all poured into the cup-hole, allowing it to flow directly into the central channels. Temple workers may also have poured blood by hand—using cultic vessels—directly onto the bedrock’s central section. |
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Phase | Chronology | Date | S/G | Deer | Cattle | Bird | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Surface | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
2 | Mid-Islamic | 13th–15th CE | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
3 | Rock Tumble | Iron II or Post Iron II | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 |
4 | Iron IIBc | L8th–E7th BCE | 112 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 116 |
5 | Iron IIBb | 8th BCE | 80 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 84 |
6 | Iron IIBa (TP III) | L9th–E8th BCE | 1052 | 38 | 13 | 0 | 1103 |
7 | Late Iron IIA (TP II) | E–M9th BCE | 2139 | 118 | 38 | 1 | 2296 |
8 | Late Iron IIA (TP I) | E9th BCE | 105 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 111 |
Total | 3604 | 171 | 52 | 1 | 3828 |
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Ji, C.-H.; Lee, C.-R.; Cao, V. Ritual Kitchens and Communal Feasting: Excavating the Southeastern Sector of the Ataruz Temple Courtyard, Jordan. Religions 2025, 16, 1272. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16101272
Ji C-H, Lee C-R, Cao V. Ritual Kitchens and Communal Feasting: Excavating the Southeastern Sector of the Ataruz Temple Courtyard, Jordan. Religions. 2025; 16(10):1272. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16101272
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi, Chang-Ho, Choong-Ryeol Lee, and Vy Cao. 2025. "Ritual Kitchens and Communal Feasting: Excavating the Southeastern Sector of the Ataruz Temple Courtyard, Jordan" Religions 16, no. 10: 1272. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16101272
APA StyleJi, C.-H., Lee, C.-R., & Cao, V. (2025). Ritual Kitchens and Communal Feasting: Excavating the Southeastern Sector of the Ataruz Temple Courtyard, Jordan. Religions, 16(10), 1272. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16101272