Modelling the Past and Future Evolution of Tidal Sand Waves
1
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
2
Faculty of Engineering Technology, Twente University, De Horst 2, 7522 LW Enschede, The Netherlands
3
WaterProof B.V., IJsselmeerdijk 2, 8221 RC Lelystad, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Michael G. Hughes
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(10), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101071
Received: 19 August 2021
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Revised: 17 September 2021
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Accepted: 27 September 2021
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Published: 30 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Coastal Engineering)
This study focuses on the hindcasting and forecasting of observed offshore tidal sand waves by using a state-of-the-art numerical morphodynamic model. The sand waves, having heights of several meters, evolve on timescales of years. Following earlier work, the model has a 2DV configuration (one horizontal and one vertical direction). First, the skill of the model is assessed by performing hindcasts at four transects in the North Sea where sand wave data are available of multiple surveys that are at least 10 years apart. The first transect is used for calibration and this calibrated model is applied to the other three transects. It is found that the calibrated model performs well: the Brier Skill Score is ‘excellent’ at the first two transects and ‘good’ at the last two. The root mean square error of calculated bed levels is smaller than the uncertainty in the measurements, except at the last transect, where the M
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MDPI and ACS Style
Krabbendam, J.; Nnafie, A.; de Swart, H.; Borsje, B.; Perk, L. Modelling the Past and Future Evolution of Tidal Sand Waves. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101071
AMA Style
Krabbendam J, Nnafie A, de Swart H, Borsje B, Perk L. Modelling the Past and Future Evolution of Tidal Sand Waves. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9(10):1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101071
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrabbendam, Janneke, Abdel Nnafie, Huib de Swart, Bas Borsje, and Luitze Perk. 2021. "Modelling the Past and Future Evolution of Tidal Sand Waves" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10: 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101071
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