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Volume 9
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Article

Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan

by
Yo Toma
1,*,
Nukhak Nufita Sari
2,
Koh Akamatsu
3,
Shingo Oomori
1,
Osamu Nagata
4,
Seiichi Nishimura
5,
Benito H. Purwanto
2 and
Hideto Ueno
1
1
Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Ehime, Japan
2
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas of Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Ehime, Japan
4
NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 4 Akahira, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka 020-0198, Iwate, Japan
5
NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, 1, Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2019, 9(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9020029
Submission received: 8 January 2019 / Revised: 24 January 2019 / Accepted: 24 January 2019 / Published: 1 February 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agroecosystems)
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Abstract

Green manure application helps maintain soil fertility, reduce chemical fertilizer use, and carbon sequestration in the soil. Nevertheless, the application of organic matter in paddy fields induces CH4 and N2O emissions. Prolonging mid-season drainage reduces CH4 emissions in paddy fields. Therefore, the combined effects of green manure application and mid-season drainage prolongation on net greenhouse gas emission (NGHGE) were investigated. Four experimental treatments were set up over a 2-year period: conventional mid-season drainage with (CMG) and without (CM) green manure and prolonged (4 or 7 days) mid-season drainage with (PMG) and without (PM) green manure. Astragalus sinicus L. seeds were sown in autumn and incorporated before rice cultivation. No significant difference in annual CH4 and N2O emissions, heterotrophic respiration, and NGHGE between treatments were observed, indicating that green manure application and mid-season drainage prolongation did not influence NGHGE. CH4 flux decreased drastically in PM and PMG during mid-season drainage under the hot and dry weather conditions. However, increasing applied carbon increases NGHGE because of increased CH4 and Rh. Consequently, combination practice of mid-season drainage prolongation and green manure utilization can be acceptable without changing NGHGE while maintaining grain yield in rice paddy fields under organically managed rice paddy fields.
Keywords: Oryza sativa; Astragalus sinicus; methane; nitrous oxide; heterotrophic respiration; net greenhouse gas emission; mid-season drainage; weed Oryza sativa; Astragalus sinicus; methane; nitrous oxide; heterotrophic respiration; net greenhouse gas emission; mid-season drainage; weed
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MDPI and ACS Style

Toma, Y.; Nufita Sari, N.; Akamatsu, K.; Oomori, S.; Nagata, O.; Nishimura, S.; Purwanto, B.H.; Ueno, H. Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan. Agriculture 2019, 9, 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9020029

AMA Style

Toma Y, Nufita Sari N, Akamatsu K, Oomori S, Nagata O, Nishimura S, Purwanto BH, Ueno H. Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan. Agriculture. 2019; 9(2):29. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9020029

Chicago/Turabian Style

Toma, Yo, Nukhak Nufita Sari, Koh Akamatsu, Shingo Oomori, Osamu Nagata, Seiichi Nishimura, Benito H. Purwanto, and Hideto Ueno. 2019. "Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan" Agriculture 9, no. 2: 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9020029

APA Style

Toma, Y., Nufita Sari, N., Akamatsu, K., Oomori, S., Nagata, O., Nishimura, S., Purwanto, B. H., & Ueno, H. (2019). Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan. Agriculture, 9(2), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9020029

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