Assessment of Factors Influencing Youth Involvement in Horticulture Agribusiness in Tanzania: A Case Study of Njombe Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Conceptual Framework
1.2. Literature Review
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Generation
2.3. Data Analysis
2.3.1. Descriptive Statistics
2.3.2. Econometric Analysis
2.3.3. Dependent Variable
2.3.4. Independent Variables
2.3.5. Shapiro-Wilk Test
2.3.6. Kruskal-Wallis H Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Extent of Male and Female Youth Involvement in Horticulture Agribusiness
3.1.1. Factors Influencing Youth Involvement in Horticulture Agribusiness
3.1.2. Results of the Shapiro-Wilk Test
3.1.3. Postharvest Losses among Male and Female Youth Involved in Horticulture Agribusiness
3.1.4. Proportions of Crop Losses
3.1.5. Innovations Used to Reduce Post-Harvest Losses (PHLs) in Horticulture Agribusiness
4. Conclusions and Policy Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N | Expected Sign | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male = 0, female = 1) | 576 | − | 0.405 | 0.491 |
Marital status (married = 1, unmarried = 0) | 576 | + | 0.746 | 0.435 |
Education: Primary education (yes = 1, no = 0) | 576 | − | 0.635 | 0.482 |
Education: Form IV and above (yes = 1, no = 0) | 576 | + | 0.215 | 0.41 |
Household size (number of members) | 576 | + | 4.66 | 1.64 |
Access to extension services (yes = 1, no = 0) | 576 | + | 0.22 | 0.411 |
Experience in farming (years) | 576 | + | 0.741 | 0.438 |
Land size (acres) | 572 | − | 1.089 | 1.050 |
Household income from horticulture (TZS) | 388 | + | 1,801,268 | 3,292,559 |
Management innovation (yes = 1, no = 0) | 576 | + | 0.314 | 0.465 |
Access to credit (yes = 1, no = 0) | 576 | + | 0.357 | 0.479 |
Good perception of horticulture for agribusiness (1 = yes, 0 = poor) | 576 | + | 0.747 | 0.434 |
Improved packaging (yes = 1, no = 0) | 576 | + | 0.212 | 0.409 |
Improved storage facilities (yes = 1, no = 0) | 576 | + | 0.227 | 0.4353 |
Improved transport facility (yes = 1, no = 0) | 576 | + | 0.272 | 0.445 |
Gender | N | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 343 | 0.41 | 0.49 |
Female | 233 | 0.36 | 0.48 |
Variable Name | Odds Ratio | Std. Error | z | p > z |
---|---|---|---|---|
Education: Primary education | 9.712 *** | 3.601 | 6.13 | 0.000 |
Education: Form IV and above | 2.022 * | 0.791 | 1.8 | 0.072 |
Marital status (married) | 0.933 | 0.274 | −0.24 | 0.814 |
Gender female | 0.523 ** | 0.138 | −2.46 | 0.014 |
Land size | 0.786 * | 0.099 | −1.91 | 0.057 |
Access to extension services | 0.942 | 0.302 | −0.19 | 0.852 |
Experience in farming | 0.997 | 0.28 | −0.01 | 0.991 |
Household size | 1.069 | 0.083 | 0.86 | 0.392 |
Management innovation | 8.883 *** | 3.225 | 6.02 | 0.000 |
Access to credit | 1.617 * | 0.449 | 1.73 | 0.083 |
Good perception of horticulture for agribusiness | 5.289 *** | 1.674 | 5.26 | 0.000 |
Household income from horticulture | 1.103 | 0.111 | 0.98 | 0.33 |
Improved packaging | 2.701 *** | 0.985 | 2.73 | 0.006 |
Improved storage facility | 0.877 | 0.266 | −0.43 | 0.666 |
Improved transport | 1.514 | 0.55 | 1.14 | 0.254 |
Variable | N | W | V | z | Prob > z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Household size | 576 | 0.9832 | 6.419 | 4.498 | 0.000 |
Land size | 572 | 0.85982 | 53.24 | 9.612 | 0.000 |
Experience in horticulture agribusiness | 576 | 0.99548 | 1.728 | 1.324 | 0.093 |
Household income from horticulture | 388 | 0.99064 | 2.508 | 2.185 | 0.014 |
Observation | Rank Sum | |
---|---|---|
Male | 207 | 41,422.5 |
Female | 163 | 27,212.5 |
Chi-squared = 8.766 (1 d.f) | ||
Probability = 0.0031 * | ||
Chi-square with ties = 8.7 (1 d. f) | ||
Probability = 0.0031 * |
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Ng’atigwa, A.A.; Hepelwa, A.; Yami, M.; Manyong, V. Assessment of Factors Influencing Youth Involvement in Horticulture Agribusiness in Tanzania: A Case Study of Njombe Region. Agriculture 2020, 10, 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070287
Ng’atigwa AA, Hepelwa A, Yami M, Manyong V. Assessment of Factors Influencing Youth Involvement in Horticulture Agribusiness in Tanzania: A Case Study of Njombe Region. Agriculture. 2020; 10(7):287. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070287
Chicago/Turabian StyleNg’atigwa, Adella Albert, Aloyce Hepelwa, Mastewal Yami, and Victor Manyong. 2020. "Assessment of Factors Influencing Youth Involvement in Horticulture Agribusiness in Tanzania: A Case Study of Njombe Region" Agriculture 10, no. 7: 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070287