Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Gene Expression in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Ethical Considerations
2.2. Participants
2.3. RNA Isolation of the Study
2.4. Bioinformatics Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. AD-Associated Transcriptomic Expression in the Uvular Tissue of the Patients with Severe OSA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Severe OSA | Non-Severe OSA | Effect Size | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | n = 5 | n = 5 | ||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 34.6 (4.2) | 41.2 (12.0) | 0.73 | 0.07 |
Male sex, n (%) | 5 (100) | 4 (80) | >0.99 | |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.4 (3.2) | 25.5 (2.9) | 0.30 | 0.07 |
AHI (events/h), mean (SD) | 60.6 (21.2) | 7.0 (4.3) | 3.50 | <0.001 |
Minimum SpO2 (%), mean (SD) | 79.0 (6.0) | 85.2 (2.3) | 1.37 | 0.06 |
Time SpO2 < 85% (%), mean (SD) | 1.66 (2.3) | 0.04 (0.04) | 1.00 | 0.15 |
Gene Symbol | Expression | Log2(Fold Change) | Regulation | Probability | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Severe OSA | Non-Severe OSA | ||||
Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease | |||||
APP | 382.418 | 587.644 | −0.619 | Down | 0.503 |
PSEN1 | 12.776 | 14.876 | −0.220 | Down | 0.286 |
PSEN2 | 7.204 | 6.208 | 0.215 | Up | 0.265 |
FKBP1B | 3.786 | 4.126 | −0.124 | Down | 0.216 |
Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease | |||||
CCL2 | 12.992 | 116.716 | −3.167 | Down | 0.868 a |
IL6 | 2.854 | 33.06 | −3.534 | Down | 0.857 a |
CXCL8 | 2.042 | 20.058 | −3.296 | Down | 0.824 a |
HLA-A | 1.272 | 14.006 | −3.460 | Down | 0.811 a |
IL1RN | 239.35 | 57.236 | 2.064 | Up | 0.806 a |
CLU | 490.412 | 308.192 | 0.670 | Up | 0.522 |
BIN1 | 23.218 | 18.884 | 0.298 | Up | 0.335 |
APOE | 24.526 | 29.308 | −0.257 | Down | 0.318 |
SORL1 | 8.136 | 9.338 | −0.199 | Down | 0.267 |
PICALM | 56.394 | 52.512 | 0.103 | Up | 0.233 |
Term | Count | Percentage | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Malaria | 3 | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.007 a |
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway | 3 | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.005 a |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 3 | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.008 a |
Chagas disease | 3 | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.008 a |
Influenza A | 3 | 0.8 | 0.002 | 0.02 a |
Herpes simplex infection | 3 | 0.8 | 0.002 | 0.02 a |
Cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction | 3 | 0.8 | 0.003 | 0.02 a |
Graft-versus-host disease | 2 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
Legionellosis | 2 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.12 |
Pertussis | 2 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
Salmonella infection | 2 | 0.5 | 0.04 | 0.15 |
Amoebiasis | 2 | 0.5 | 0.045 | 0.18 |
TNF signaling pathway | 2 | 0.5 | 0.045 | 0.18 |
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway | 2 | 0.5 | 0.045 | 0.18 |
Hepatitis B | 2 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.22 |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 2 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.21 |
Transcriptional misregulation in cancer | 2 | 0.5 | 0.07 | 0.22 |
Chemokine signaling pathway | 2 | 0.5 | 0.08 | 0.23 |
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Li, H.-Y.; Tsai, M.-S.; Huang, C.-G.; Wang, R.Y.L.; Chuang, L.-P.; Chen, N.-H.; Liu, C.-H.; Hsu, C.-M.; Cheng, W.-N.; Lee, L.-A. Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Gene Expression in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1361. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091361
Li H-Y, Tsai M-S, Huang C-G, Wang RYL, Chuang L-P, Chen N-H, Liu C-H, Hsu C-M, Cheng W-N, Lee L-A. Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Gene Expression in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(9):1361. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091361
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Hsueh-Yu, Ming-Shao Tsai, Chung-Guei Huang, Robert Y. L. Wang, Li-Pang Chuang, Ning-Hung Chen, Chi-Hung Liu, Cheng-Ming Hsu, Wen-Nuan Cheng, and Li-Ang Lee. 2019. "Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Gene Expression in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9: 1361. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091361