Role of Bronchoscopic Techniques in the Diagnosis of Thoracic Sarcoidosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Standard Bronchoscopic Techniques
2.1. Endobronchial Biopsy (EBB)
2.2. Transbronchial Lung Biopsy (TBLB)
2.3. Conventional Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (cTBNA)
2.4. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF)
3. Recent Bronchoscopic Techniques
3.1. Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)
3.2. Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA)
3.3. Transesophageal Ultrasound-Guided Needle Aspiration with the Use of an Echo Bronchoscope (EUS-B-FNA)
3.4. Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy (TBLC)
4. A Key Emphasis to EBUS-TBNA and Standard Bronchoscopic Modalities
4.1. Complications of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Techniques
4.2. Factors Affecting Diagnostic Accuracy of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Techniques
4.2.1. Size of Needles
4.2.2. Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE)
4.2.3. Size and Topography of Lymph Nodes
4.2.4. Endoscopist Experience
4.2.5. Number of Passes
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Techniques | Diagnostic Yield | References | |
---|---|---|---|
Standard | EBB | 20–61% | [15,16] |
TBLB | 37–90% | [16,17,18] | |
cTBNA | 6–90% | [16,19,20,21] | |
Recent | EBUS-TBNA | 80–94% | [16,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] |
EUS-FNA | 77–94% | [16,30,31,32,33] | |
EUS-B-FNA | 86% (*) | [32] | |
TBLC | 66.7% (*) | [34] |
Study/Year | Scadding Stage | Number of Patients, n | EBUS-TBNA (%) | TBNA (%) | TBLB (%) | EBB (%) | TBLB + EBB (%) | EBUS-TBNA or EUS-FNA | EBUS-TBNA Group (%) | TBNA Group (%) | EUS-B-FNA | EBUS-TBNA + EUS-FNA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCT | ||||||||||||
Tremblay et al., 2009 * [27] | I or II | 50 | 83.3 | 60.9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Bartheld et al., 2013 * [37] | I, II, III | 304 | - | - | - | 53.0 | 80.0 | - | - | - | - | |
Gupta et al., 2014 * [77] | I or II | 117 | 74.5 | 48.4 | 69.6 | 36.3 | - | - | 92.7 | 85.5 | - | - |
Li and Jiang, 2014 * [26] | I or II | 57 | 93.0 | 64.0 | 36.4 | 5.0 | - | - | - | 92.9 | - | - |
Gnass et al., 2015 * [61] | I or II | 64 | 76.7 | 58.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 86.1 | - |
Prospective | ||||||||||||
Navani et al., 2011 * [78] | I or II | 27 | 85.0 | - | 29.6 | 11.1 | 33.3 | - | 92.6 | - | - | - |
Oki et al., 2012 * [17] | I or II | 54 | 94.0 | - | 37.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Plit et al., 2013 * [79] | I or II | 49 | 91.8 | - | 67.3 | 28.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Goyal et al., 2014 * [15] | I, II, III, IV | 151 | 57.1 | 22.4 | 68.7 | 49.6 | 81.4 | - | 86.4 | 86.9 | - | - |
Kocón et al., 2017 [62] | I or II | 100 | 61.9 | 44.0 | 42.0 | 12.0 | - | - | - | - | 74.55 | 80.0 |
Retrospective | ||||||||||||
Nakajima et al., 2009 * [28] | I or II | 35 | 91.4 | - | 40.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Zhang et al., 2011 * [80] | I, II, III | 50 | 86.7 | 82.5 | - | - | 66.7 | - | - | - | - | - |
Plit et al., 2012 * [18] | I or II | 37 | 84.0 | - | 78.0 | 27.0 | - | - | 100.0 | - | - | - |
Hong et al., 2013 * [81] | I or II | 31 | 90.0 | - | 35.0 | 6.0 | 39.0 | - | 94.0 | - | - | - |
Dziedzic et al., 2015 * [35] | I or II | 653 | 84.0 | - | 43.9 | 29.7 | 54.0 | - | 89.0 | - | - | - |
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Pedro, C.; Melo, N.; Novais e Bastos, H.; Magalhães, A.; Fernandes, G.; Martins, N.; Morais, A.; Caetano Mota, P. Role of Bronchoscopic Techniques in the Diagnosis of Thoracic Sarcoidosis. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091327
Pedro C, Melo N, Novais e Bastos H, Magalhães A, Fernandes G, Martins N, Morais A, Caetano Mota P. Role of Bronchoscopic Techniques in the Diagnosis of Thoracic Sarcoidosis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(9):1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091327
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro, Cecília, Natália Melo, Hélder Novais e Bastos, Adriana Magalhães, Gabriela Fernandes, Natália Martins, António Morais, and Patrícia Caetano Mota. 2019. "Role of Bronchoscopic Techniques in the Diagnosis of Thoracic Sarcoidosis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9: 1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091327