Prodigiosin-Emerged PI3K/Beclin-1-Independent Pathway Elicits Autophagic Cell Death in Doxorubicin-Sensitive and -Resistant Lung Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Reagents and Chemicals
2.2. Cell Culture and Induction of Doxorubicin Resistance
2.3. Cytotoxicity Assay
2.4. Cell Cycle Analysis
2.5. Western Blotting
2.6. Lung Cancer Animal Model Establishment
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cytotoxicity of PG inDox-S and Dox-R Cells
3.2. Cell Death Characteristics in PG-Induced Cytotoxicity
3.3. Underlying Mechanism of PG-Induced Autophagy
3.4. Curing Efficacy of PG in Tumor-Bearing Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chiu, W.-J.; Lin, S.-R.; Chen, Y.-H.; Tsai, M.-J.; Leong, M.K.; Weng, C.-F. Prodigiosin-Emerged PI3K/Beclin-1-Independent Pathway Elicits Autophagic Cell Death in Doxorubicin-Sensitive and -Resistant Lung Cancer. J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7, 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7100321
Chiu W-J, Lin S-R, Chen Y-H, Tsai M-J, Leong MK, Weng C-F. Prodigiosin-Emerged PI3K/Beclin-1-Independent Pathway Elicits Autophagic Cell Death in Doxorubicin-Sensitive and -Resistant Lung Cancer. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7(10):321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7100321
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiu, Wei-Jun, Shian-Ren Lin, Yu-Hsin Chen, May-Jwan Tsai, Max K. Leong, and Ching-Feng Weng. 2018. "Prodigiosin-Emerged PI3K/Beclin-1-Independent Pathway Elicits Autophagic Cell Death in Doxorubicin-Sensitive and -Resistant Lung Cancer" Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 10: 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7100321