The Correlation Between Infant Head Shape in Craniometric Studies and Psychomotor Development Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Objective
Research Hypothesis
3. Study Materials
- A diagnosis by a neurologist (asymmetry, reduced muscle tone, or increased muscle tone), made no more than one week prior to the study.
- Aged between 1 and 5 months.
- No comorbid conditions.
- A birth term of between 39 and 40 weeks of gestation.
- An absence of cranial deformities caused by the birthing process.
- No prior physiotherapeutic interventions.
- Parental or legal guardian consent for participation in the study.
- A diagnosis of other conditions affecting the analyzed parameters.
- Previous physiotherapeutic interventions.
- A latex allergy.
4. Study Methods
4.1. Cranial Measurements
4.2. Assessment of Psychomotor Development in Infants
4.3. Statistical Methods
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
- Asymmetry and reduced or increased muscle tone are associated with cranial shape abnormalities in infants up to 5 months of age.
- Reduced and increased muscle tone correlate most strongly with brachycephaly, with mean degrees of flattening increasing with age.
- The sex of the infants is not a differentiating factor in the level of either brachycephaly or plagiocephaly.
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N | Mean | SD | Var. Coeff. (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age [months] | 60 | 3.03 | 1.40 | 46.21 |
CVA [mm] | 60 | 8.10 | 5.69 | 70.20 |
CI [%] | 60 | 88.23 | 6.74 | 7.65 |
Variable | Subgroup | N | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age [months] | Asymmetry | 20 | 2.90 | 1.45 |
CVA [mm] | 20 | 15.40 | 3.19 | |
CI [%] | 20 | 81.00 | 5.07 | |
Age [months] | Reduced muscle tone | 20 | 3.05 | 1.39 |
CVA [mm] | 20 | 4.45 | 1.76 | |
CI [%] | 20 | 93.70 | 4.01 | |
Age [months] | Increased muscle tone | 20 | 3.15 | 1.42 |
CVA [mm] | 20 | 4.45 | 1.73 | |
CI [%] | 20 | 90.00 | 3.13 |
Subgroup No. | Subgroup | 1 15.40 | 2 4.45 | 3 4.45 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Asymmetry | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
2 | Reduced muscle tone | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
3 | Increased muscle tone | 0.00 | 1.00 |
Subgroup No. | Subgroup | 1 81.00 | 2 93.70 | 3 90.00 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Asymmetry | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | |
2 | Reduced muscle tone | 0.000000 | 0.019703 | |
3 | Increased muscle tone | 0.000000 | 0.019703 |
Variable | Subgroup = Asymmetry | ||
---|---|---|---|
The Correlation Coefficients Are Significant at p < 0.05 | |||
Age | CVA | CI | |
Age | 1.000 | 0.4886 | 0.2009 |
p = 0.029 | p = 0.396 | ||
CVA | 0.4886 | 1.0000 | 0.4303 |
p = 0.029 | p = 0.058 | ||
CI | 0.2009 | 0.4303 | 1.0000 |
p = 0.396 | p = 0.058 |
Variable | Subgroup = Reduced Muscle Tone The Correlation Coefficients Are Significant at p < 0.05 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age | CVA | CI | |
Age | 1.0000 | −0.2239 | 0.3507 |
p = 0.343 | p = 0.130 | ||
CVA | −0.2239 | 1.0000 | −0.0097 |
p = 0.343 | p = 0.968 | ||
CI | 0.3507 | −0.0097 | 1.0000 |
p = 0.130 | p = 0.968 |
Variable | Subgroup = Increased Muscle Tone The Correlation Coefficients Are Significant at p < 0.05. | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age | CVA | CI | |
Age | 1.0000 | −0.5624 | 0.6613 |
p = 0.010 | p = 0.001 | ||
CVA | −0.5624 | 1.0000 | −0.5441 |
p = 0.010 | p = 0.013 | ||
CI | 0.6613 | −0.5441 | 1.0000 |
p = 0.001 | p = 0.013 |
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Zielińska, N.; Górska, M.; Skrzek, A.; Dębiec-Bąk, A. The Correlation Between Infant Head Shape in Craniometric Studies and Psychomotor Development Disorders. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061985
Zielińska N, Górska M, Skrzek A, Dębiec-Bąk A. The Correlation Between Infant Head Shape in Craniometric Studies and Psychomotor Development Disorders. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(6):1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061985
Chicago/Turabian StyleZielińska, Natalia, Maria Górska, Anna Skrzek, and Agnieszka Dębiec-Bąk. 2025. "The Correlation Between Infant Head Shape in Craniometric Studies and Psychomotor Development Disorders" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 6: 1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061985
APA StyleZielińska, N., Górska, M., Skrzek, A., & Dębiec-Bąk, A. (2025). The Correlation Between Infant Head Shape in Craniometric Studies and Psychomotor Development Disorders. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(6), 1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061985