Disease Associations among Patients Afflicted with Both Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Identification of Associated Comorbidities
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Disease | ICD Codes |
---|---|
Glaucoma | 365.1: Open-angle glaucoma 365.2: Primary angle-closure glaucoma H40.1: Open-angle glaucoma H40.2: Primary angle-closure glaucoma |
Macular Degeneration | 362.50: Macular degeneration (senile), unspecified 362.51: Nonexudative senile macular degeneration 362.52: Exudative senile macular degeneration H35.30: Unspecified macular degeneration H35.311: Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye H35.312: Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye H35.313: Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral H35.31: Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration H35.32: Exudative age-related macular degeneration |
Cataracts (control) | 366.1: Senile cataract H25: Age-related cataract |
Diagnosis | ICD Codes |
---|---|
Angina Pectoris | I20, 413 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 585, N18 |
Coronary Artery Disease | I25, 414 |
Dementia | F01, F02, F03, G30, 294.1, 294.2, 290, 331.0 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 250, 249, E08-E13 |
Heart Failure | 428, I50 |
Hyperlipidemia | E78.2, E78.4, E78.5, E78.00, 272.0, 272.2, 272.4 |
Hypertension | I1, 401 |
Lupus | M32 |
Multiple Sclerosis | G35 |
Myocardial Infarction | I21, 410 |
Neoplasm, Benign | D21 |
Neoplasm, Malignant | C00-C96 |
Obesity | E66.0, E66.1, E66.2, E66.8, E66.9, 278.00, 278.01, 278.03 |
Sarcoidosis | D86 |
Stroke | I63.3, I63.5, I63.6, I63.8, I63.9, 434.0, 434.9 |
Age Range | Glaucoma, n (%) | AMD, n (%) | Both, n (%) | Cataracts, n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
18–34 | 76 (1) | 15 (0) | 0 (0) | 104 (0) |
35–44 | 125 (2) | 26 (0) | 0 (0) | 244 (1) |
45–54 | 277 (5) | 60 (1) | 0 (0) | 954 (4) |
55–64 | 757 (14) | 206 (3) | 0 (0) | 3686 (14) |
65–74 | 1427 (27) | 853 (13) | 41 (11) | 8921 (35) |
75–84 | 1432 (27) | 1712 (26) | 95 (24) | 8123 (32) |
>=85 | 1135 (22) | 3840 (57) | 253 (65) | 3391 (13) |
Total | n = 5229 | n = 6712 | n = 389 | n = 25,423 |
Race | Glaucoma, n (%) | AMD, n (%) | Both, n (%) | Cataracts, n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Native American | 15 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 67 (0.3) |
Asian | 129 (2) | 67 (1) | 0 (0) | 503 (2) |
Black | 1962 (38) | 256 (4) | 44 (11) | 4868 (19) |
Hawaiian | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (0.05) |
Other | 336 (6) | 208 (3) | 17 (4) | 1521 (6) |
Refused | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 14 (0.1) |
Unknown | 183 (3) | 234 (3) | 0 (0) | 711 (3) |
White | 2607 (50) | 5930 (89) | 328 (84) | 17,727 (70) |
Total | n = 5232 | n = 6695 | n = 389 | n = 25,423 |
Gender | Glaucoma, n (%) | AMD, n (%) | Both, n (%) | Cataracts, n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female | 2900 (55) | 4310 (64) | 248 (62) | 14,805 (58) |
Male | 2336 (45) | 2401 (36) | 153 (38) | 10,616 (42) |
Total | n = 5236 | n = 6711 | n = 401 | n = 25,421 |
Prevalence of Systemic Disease and Events among Ophthalmologic Patients | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Systemic Disease | % Glaucoma and AMD | % Glaucoma | p-Value + | % AMD | % Cataract | p-Value ++ |
Angina Pectoris | 7.0 | 6.7 | 1.000 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 0.782 |
Coronary Artery Disease | 32.8 | 24.9 | 0.294 | 34.9 | 27.1 | 0.439 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 25.4 | 20.5 | 0.555 | 23.5 | 19.4 | 0.366 |
Myocardial Infarction | 10.7 | 6.4 | 0.225 | 9.4 | 6.7 | 0.346 |
Dementia | 23.1 | 9.5 | 0.024 * | 18.3 | 6.6 | 0.003 * |
Heart Failure | 33.3 | 18.1 | 0.036 * | 28.1 | 17.5 | 0.036 * |
Obesity | 14.7 | 22.1 | 0.249 | 13.7 | 23.5 | 0.149 |
Diabetes | 29.6 | 37.3 | 0.392 | 28.4 | 38.5 | 0.278 |
Hypertension | 78.1 | 69.0 | 0.458 | 74.7 | 70.0 | 0.511 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 60.4 | 57.4 | 0.782 | 59.4 | 58.6 | 0.927 |
Stroke | 8.0 | 7.4 | 0.796 | 9.7 | 7.3 | 0.796 |
Malignant Neoplasm | 26.9 | 20.3 | 0.307 | 26.9 | 22.2 | 0.475 |
Benign Neoplasm | 36.6 | 34.3 | 0.722 | 24.7 | 33.5 | 0.722 |
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Dimalanta, L.; Pithadia, K.; Shenkute, N.T.; Strelow, B.; Zhang, Z.; Ulrich, J.; Zhang, A.Y.; Fleischman, D. Disease Associations among Patients Afflicted with Both Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5941. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195941
Dimalanta L, Pithadia K, Shenkute NT, Strelow B, Zhang Z, Ulrich J, Zhang AY, Fleischman D. Disease Associations among Patients Afflicted with Both Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(19):5941. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195941
Chicago/Turabian StyleDimalanta, Lauren, Kishan Pithadia, Nathan T. Shenkute, Bryan Strelow, Zhidong Zhang, Jan Ulrich, Alice Y. Zhang, and David Fleischman. 2024. "Disease Associations among Patients Afflicted with Both Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 19: 5941. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195941
APA StyleDimalanta, L., Pithadia, K., Shenkute, N. T., Strelow, B., Zhang, Z., Ulrich, J., Zhang, A. Y., & Fleischman, D. (2024). Disease Associations among Patients Afflicted with Both Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(19), 5941. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195941