Development of a Risk Predictive Model for Erectile Dysfunction at 12 Months after COVID-19 Recovery: A Prospective Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Outcomes
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
2.4.1. Test of Proportions
- p = proportion of the sample
- x1 = success in the no past history of COVID-19 cohort
- x2 = success in the past history of COVID-19 cohort
- n1 = observations in the no past history of COVID-19 cohort
- n2 = observations in the past history of COVID-19 cohort
2.4.2. Regression Model
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis
3.2. Test of Proportions
3.3. Regression Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factor 1/Factor 2 | Variable to Predict | |
---|---|---|
Ed | ||
Model | Logistic Regression for Selection of 5 Attributes | AUC, ROC |
… | … | |
Logistic Regression for Selection of 40 Attributes | AUC, ROC |
Variable | History of COVID-19 | |
---|---|---|
No (n = 195) | Yes (n = 166) | |
Age (year, interquartile range) | 55 (15) | 55 (14) |
BMI (kg/m2, interquartile range) | 26.3 (5) | 28 (6) |
Smoking (case, %) | 94 (48.5) | 100 (51.5) |
Pack-year (pack year, interquartile range) | 18 (14) | 25.5 (25) |
Ischemic heart disease (case, %) | 5 (25) | 15 (75) |
Hypertension (case, %) | 45 (44.1) | 57 (55.9) |
Heart failure (case, %) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) |
PAD (case, %) | 4 (50) | 4 (50) |
Diabetes (case, %) | 10 (33.3) | 20 (66.7) |
Hypothyroidism (case, %) | 6 (60) | 4 (40) |
CKD (case, %) | 6 (75) | 2 (25) |
Cancer (case, %) | 6 (40) | 9 (60) |
Anxiety/Depression (case, %) | 6 (23.1) | 20 (76.9) |
Beta blockers (case, %) | 6 (18.8) | 26 (81.3) |
NOAs (case, %) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) |
Antiplatelet therapy (case, %) | 12 (37.5) | 20 (62.5) |
Erectile dysfunction * (case, %) | 83 (44.1) | 105 (55.9) |
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (case, %) | 191 (54.6) | 159 (45.4) |
Statistic | Values |
---|---|
No past history of COVID-19 | 83 |
Past history of COVID-19 | 105 |
N No past history of COVID-19 | 193 |
N past history of COVID-19 cohort | 164 |
P No past history of COVID-19 % | 43 |
P Past history of COVID-19 % | 64 |
N | 357 |
p-value | 7.4 × 10−5 |
z-value | −3.9640 |
Erectile Dysfunction Predictive Model | ||
---|---|---|
Index | Variable | |
1 | Diabetes | 3.7 |
2 | Autoimmune disease | 2.5 |
3 | Beta blockers | 2.3 |
4 | PAD | 1.8 |
5 | Cancer | 1.8 |
6 | Hypertension | 1.8 |
7 | Stroke | 1.7 |
8 | Chronic kidney failure | 1.7 |
9 | Acenocumarol | 1.7 |
10 | Antiplatelet therapy | 1.5 |
11 | Anxiety/Depression | 1.5 |
12 | COPD | 1.4 |
13 | Alcohol | 1.3 |
14 | History of COVID-19 | 1.3 |
15 | Hypothyroidism | 1.3 |
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Natal Alvarez, F.; Conde Redondo, M.C.; Sierrasesumaga Martin, N.; Garcia Viña, A.; Marfil Peña, C.; Bahillo Martinez, A.; Jojoa, M.; Tamayo Gomez, E. Development of a Risk Predictive Model for Erectile Dysfunction at 12 Months after COVID-19 Recovery: A Prospective Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5757. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195757
Natal Alvarez F, Conde Redondo MC, Sierrasesumaga Martin N, Garcia Viña A, Marfil Peña C, Bahillo Martinez A, Jojoa M, Tamayo Gomez E. Development of a Risk Predictive Model for Erectile Dysfunction at 12 Months after COVID-19 Recovery: A Prospective Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(19):5757. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195757
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatal Alvarez, Fernando, Maria Consuelo Conde Redondo, Nicolas Sierrasesumaga Martin, Alejandro Garcia Viña, Carmen Marfil Peña, Alfonso Bahillo Martinez, Mario Jojoa, and Eduardo Tamayo Gomez. 2024. "Development of a Risk Predictive Model for Erectile Dysfunction at 12 Months after COVID-19 Recovery: A Prospective Observational Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 19: 5757. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195757