Anatomical Variants of the Renal Veins and Their Relationship with Morphofunctional Alterations of the Kidney: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Protocol and Registration
2.2. Electronic Search
2.3. Eligibility Criteria
2.4. Study Selection
2.5. Data Collection Process
2.6. Assessment of the Methodological Quality of the Included Studies
2.7. Publication Bias
2.8. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Included Articles
3.2. Characteristics of the Studies and the Study Population
3.3. Description of Variants
3.4. Prevalence
3.5. Risk of Bias of Included Articles
3.6. Clinical Considerations
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author and Year | Number of Patients | Incidence and Characteristics | Statistical Value | Geographic Region | Sex | Laterality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pedrao, 2023 [13] | Observational N = 1 | Double RRV. | Not mentioned. | Brazil | 1 male | Right |
Silva, 2021 [14] | Observational N = 1 | Multiple retroaortic LRV. | Not mentioned. | Brazil | 1 male | Left |
Pradeep, 2020 [15] | Observational N = 188 | Double RRV (12 cases—6.3%). Retroaortic LRV (4 cases—2.1%). | Not mentioned. | Nepal | Not specified | Bilateral |
Salimy et al., 2020 [16] | Observational N = 1 | Double RRV. Right kidney with double collector system. | Not mentioned. | USA | 1 male | Right |
Fontana, 2018 [17] | Observational N = 1 | Duplication of circumaortic RV. | Not mentioned. | Italy | 1 male | Left |
Tatarano et al., 2019 [18] | Observational N = 120 | Circumaortic LRV (6 cases). Retroaortic LRV (1 case). | There was no significant incidence between donors with or without abnormalities on their LRV. | Japan | Not specified | Left |
Dunnwald, 2019 [19] | Observational N = 1 | Triple RRV (1 case). | Not mentioned. | USA | 1 male | Bilateral |
Shaheen, 2018 [6] | Observational N = 50 | Double RRV (28 cases—56%), triple (13 cases—26%), quadruple (5 cases—10%). | Not mentioned. | Pakistan | 50 males | Bilateral |
Hassan, 2017 [20] | Observational N = 63 | Double RV (2 cases—3%), triple (2 cases—3%), quadruple (1 case—2%). | No significant differences between cadavers with or without variations in renal vasculature and age of death (p = 0.67) or gender (p = 0.71). | Egypt | 32 males 31 females | Bilateral |
Nambur, 2017 [21] | Observational N = 60 | Circumaortic LRV (2 cases—3.3%). Retroaortic LRV (5 cases—8.3%). Double RRV (3 cases—5%). Right gonadal vein draining into RRV (1 case—0.3%). | Not mentioned. | India | Not specified | Bilateral |
Ayaz, 2016 [22] | Observational N = 222 | Circumaortic LRV (7 cases—3.15%). Retroaortic LRV (6 cases—2.7%). | Not mentioned. | Turkey | 116 males 106 females | Left |
Çınar, 2016 [23] | Observational N = 504 | Circumaortic LRV (26 cases—5.2%). Retroaortic LRV (21 cases—4.2%). RRV: double (97 cases—19.2%), triple (11 cases—2.2%), quadruple (1 case—0.2%). | No associations were found between sex and the presence of RA or RV variations (p = 0.630 and 0.650, respectively). | Turkey | 317 males 187 females | Bilateral |
Duran, 2016 [24] | Observational N = 23 | Retroaortic LRV (2 cases—8.7%). | Not mentioned. | Colombia | 12 males 1 females | Left |
Kumaresan, 2016 [25] | Observational N = 100 | Retroaortic LRV (4 cases—4%). Multiple RV (19 cases—19%) | Not mentioned. | India | Not specified | Bilateral |
Pandya, 2016 [26] | Observational N = 200 | Circumaortic LRV (8 cases—4%). Retroaortic LRV (5 cases—2.5%). Double LRV (2 cases—1%) Double RRV (61 cases—30.5%), triple (5 cases—2.5%). | Not mentioned. | India | Not specified | Bilateral |
Staśkiewicz, 2016 [27] | Observational N = 996 | Circumaortic or retroaortic courses of the LRV in 99 cases (10%). | No significant difference was observed in the type of RV course between men and women (c2 = 1.22, p = 0.543). | Poland | 481 males 515 females | Bilateral |
Bouzouita et al., 2015 [28] | Observational N = 71 | Retroaortic LRV (1 case—1.4%). Double LRV (3 cases—4.2%). Double RRV (5 cases—7%). | Not mentioned. | Tunisia | Not specified | Bilateral |
Heidler, 2015 [29] | Observational N = 7929 | Retroaortic LRV (61 cases—0.77%). | Not mentioned. | Austria | 4781 males 3148 females | Left |
Reginelli, 2015 [30] | Observational N = 921 | Multiple RV (94 cases—10.2%). Retroaortic RV (219 cases—23.8%). | Not mentioned. | Italy | 418 males 503 females | Bilateral |
Resorlu, 2015 [31] | Observational N = 680 | Retroaortic LRV (36 cases—5.4%). Circumaortic LRV (17 cases—2.5%). Multiple RV (46 cases—6.8%). | Hematuria was detected in 23.5% of patients with circumaortic LRV anomaly and 10.1% of patients without anomaly (p = 0.074). Hematuria was found in 21.7% of patients with multiple RV and 9.6% in those without the anomaly (p = 0.009). | Turkey | 391 males 289 females | Left |
Zhu, 2015 [32] | Observational N = 1452 | Circumaortic LRV (31 cases—2.1%). Retroaortic LRV (30 cases—2.1%). | No statistically significant correlation found between left/right RV variations and sex (p > 0.05). | China | Not specified | Bilateral |
Ballesteros, 2014 [33] | Observational N = 312 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case—0.32%). Retroaortic LRV (2 cases—0.64%). Double LRV (1 case—0.32%). Double RRV (28 cases—8.9%), triple (5 cases—1.6%). | No significant difference between the presence of additional veins in men and women (p = 0.452) and extrahilar origin between RRV and LRV (p = 0.768). | Colombia | 129 males 27 females | Bilateral |
Boyaci, 2014 [34] | Observational N = 746 | Circumaortic LRV (18 cases—2.4%). Retroaortic LRV (55 cases—7.4%). | No significant difference between the presence of variations [LRV (p = 0.801), RLRV (p = 0.551), CLRV (p = 0.823)] and sex. | Turkey | 395 males 351 females | Left |
Ferreira, 2014 [35] | Observational N = 1 | Retroaortic LRV. Multiple RV. | 29 to 65% of pyeloureteral obstructions were related to anomalies in the path of the vessels crossing the renal pelvis. | Colombia | 1 males | Bilateral |
Lavy et al., 2015 [36] | Observational N = 1 | Multiple RV. | Not mentioned. | France | 1 males | Bilateral |
Rashid, 2014 [37] | Observational N = 100 | Circumaortic LRV (3 cases). Retroaortic LRV (5 cases). Double RRV (16 cases—16%), triple (1 case—1%). | Not mentioned. | Iran | 91 males 9 females | Bilateral |
Șahin, 2014 [38] | Observational N = 2189 | Circumaortic LRV (6 cases—0.3%). Retroaortic LRV (44 cases—2%). | Not mentioned. | Turkey | Not specified | Left |
Dilli, 2013 [39] | Observational N = 1204 | Circumaortic LRV (25 cases—2.1%). Retroaortic LRV (38 cases—3.2%). | Significant correlation between retroaortic LRV and gender (p = 0.036). | Turkey | 642 males 562 females | Left |
Eid et al., 2013 [40] | Observational N = 1 | LRV origin: IVC. End: RRV. | Not mentioned. | Japan | 1 male | Left |
Poyraz, 2013 [41] | Observational N = 1000 | Circumaortic LRV (3 cases—0.3%). Retroaortic LRV (65 cases—6.5%). | Diameters of the RRV and LRV were not significantly different (p = 0.1). Diameter of the anterior LRV was significantly greater than contralateral RV in its widest portion (p = 0.04). | Turkey | 537 males 463 females | Left |
Tao, 2013 [42] | Observational N = 378 | Circumaortic LRV (8 cases—2.1%). Retroaortic LRV (7 cases—1.85%). | Not mentioned. | China | 197 males 181 females | Bilateral |
Apisarnthanarak, 2012 [43] | Observational N = 65 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case—1.5%). Retroaortic LRV (1 case—1.5%). Double LRV (1 case—1.5%). Double RRV (19 cases—29.2%), triple (4 cases—6.2%). Right gonadal vein draining into the RRV (4 cases—6.2%). | Not mentioned. | Thailand | 25 males 40 females | Bilateral |
Atalar, 2012 [44] | Observational N = 739 | Circumaortic LRV (6 cases—0.8%). Retroaortic LRV (17 cases—2.3%). | Not mentioned. | Turkey | 425 males 314 females | Left |
Bouali et al., 2012 [45] | Observational N = 120 | Circumaortic LRV (6 cases—5%). Retroaortic LRV (5 cases—4.17%). Double RRV (22 cases—18.3%), triple (2 cases—1.7%). | Not mentioned. | France | 79 males 41 females | Bilateral |
Dilli, 2012 [46] | Observational N = 2644 | Circumaortic LRV (27 cases—1.02%). Retroaortic LRV (44 cases—1.66%). | No statistically significant gender difference was found between LRV variations (p = 0.83). | Turkey | 1204 males 1440 females | Left |
Gupta, 2011 [47] | Observational N = 30 | Circumaortic LRV (2 cases—6.6%). Retroaortic LRV (2 cases—6.6%). Double LRV (1 case—3.3%). Double RRV (1 case—3.3%). | Not mentioned. | India | Not specified | Bilateral |
Yi et al., 2012 [48] | Observational N = 3 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case). Retroaortic LRV (1 case). | Not mentioned. | Japan | 1 male 2 females | Left |
Costa et al., 2011 [49] | Observational N = 254 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case). Retroaortic LRV (3 cases). Double LRV (4 cases—1.5%). Double RRV (24 cases—9.8%). | Dominance of venous variations on the right side, 12 times greater than on the left. | Brazil | Not specified | Bilateral |
Kulkarni, 2011 [50] | Observational N = 102 | Circumaortic RV (5 cases—5%). Retroaortic RV (1 case—1%). Multiple RV (7 cases—7%). | Not mentioned. | USA | Not specified | Not specified |
Li et al., 2011 [51] | Observational N = 61 | Anastomosis between the LRV and hemiazygos vein (51 cases—83.6%). | Significant differences when comparing operation time. Type 4 took longer (p < 0.05), type 5 shorter time (p < 0.05). | China | 32 males 29 females | Left |
Favaro et al., 2009 [52] | Observational N = 1 | Venous communication between LRV and RRV. Kidneys without any relation to the IVC or common iliac veins. | Not mentioned. | Brazil | 1 male | Bilateral |
Turkvatan, 2009 [53] | Observational N = 59 | Circumaortic LRV (2 cases—3.3%). Retroaortic LRV (3 cases—5%). Multiple RV (3 cases—5%). | Greater sensitivity and specificity of MDCT for renal venous anomalies. | Turkey | 32 males 27 females | Bilateral |
Kaneko et al., 2008 [54] | Observational N = 190 | Multiple RV (25 cases—13%). | Not mentioned. | Japan | Not specified | Bilateral |
Mir et al., 2008 [55] | Observational N = 1 | Double RV bilaterally. | Not mentioned. | India | Not specified | Bilateral |
Natsis, 2008 [56] | Observational N = 319 | Circumaortic LRV (8 cases—2.5%). | Not mentioned. | Greece | 173 males 146 females | Left |
Tombul, 2008 [57] | Observational N = 60 | Multiple RV (9 cases—15%) | Sensitivity of MDCT angiography for veins was 93%. | Turkey | Not specified | Bilateral |
Yagci, 2008 [58] | Observational N = 783 | Circumaortic LRV (15 cases—2%). Retroaortic LRV (23 cases—3%). Double retroaortic vein (4 cases—0.5%). | No statistically significant difference in ages. | Turkey | Not specified | Left |
Holt, 2007 [59] | Observational N = 278 | Retroaortic LRV (9 cases—3.2%). | Not mentioned. | UK | 278 males | Left |
Karaman, 2007 [60] | Observational N = 1856 | Circumaortic LRV (17 cases—8.9%). Retroaortic LRV (68 cases—3.6%). | Not mentioned. | Turkey | Not specified | Left |
Karazincir, 2007 [61] | Observational N = 277 | Retroaortic LRV in patients (13 cases—9.3%) and controls (3 cases—2.2%). | Significantly higher incidence of varicocele in patients compared to controls (p = 0.018). | Turkey | Not specified | Left |
Koc, 2007 [62] | Observational N = 1120 | Circumaortic RV (62 cases—5.5%). Retroaortic RV (53 cases—4.7%). Multiple RV (210 cases—18.8%). | Not mentioned. | Turkey | 588 males 532 females | Bilateral |
Raman, 2007 [63] | Observational N = 126 | Circumaortic LRV (10 cases—8%). Retroaortic LRV (3 cases—2%). Double LRV (10 cases—8%). Double RRV (28 cases—22%), triple (2 cases—2%). | Not mentioned. | USA | 57 males 69 females | Bilateral |
Namasivayam, 2006 [64] | Observational N = 48 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case—2%). Retroaortic LRV (2 cases—4%). Double RRV (13 cases—27%), triple (1 case—2%). | Venous phase images showed significantly greater opacification of the left renal, gonadal, adrenal, and lumbar veins (p < 0.05). | USA | 20 males 28 females | Bilateral |
Arslan, 2005 [65] | Observational N = 1125 | Retroaortic LRV (19 cases—1.68%). | Not mentioned. | Turkey | 573 males 552 females | Left |
Kawamoto, 2005 [66] | Observational N = 100 | Circumaortic LRV (3 cases—3%). Retroaortic LRV (2 cases—2%). Small posterior branch that runs behind the aorta and drains into the IVC (6 cases—6%). | Not mentioned. | USA | Not specified | Left |
Klemm, 2005 [67] | Observational N = 86 | Retroaortic LRV (1 case). | Not mentioned. | Germany | 86 females | Left |
Janschek, 2004 [7] | Observational N = 119 | Circumaortic LRV (7 cases—6%). Retroaortic LRV (3 cases—2.5%). Double LRV (7 cases—5.9%), triple (1 case—0.8%). Double RRV (21 cases—18%), triple (6 cases—5%). | Not mentioned. | Austria | 58 males 61 females | Bilateral |
Lin, 2004 [68] | Observational N = 170 | Circumaortic LRV (16 cases—9.4%). Retroaortic LRV (2 cases—1.2%). | Groups 1 and 2 were similar in operation time (p = 0.90), blood loss (p = 0.45), warm ischemia time (p = 0.14), and hospital stay (p = 0.45). | USA | Not specified | Left |
Yeh, 2004 [69] | Observational N = 186 | Precaval RRV (9 cases—4.8%). | Not mentioned. | USA | Not specified | Right |
Yesidag, 2004 [70] | Observational N = 1003 | Circumaortic LRV (23 cases—3.2%). Retroaortic LRV (9 cases—0.9%). | Not mentioned. | Turkey | Not specified | Left |
Senecail et al., 2003 [71] | Observational N = 2 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case). Retroaortic LRV (1 case). | Not mentioned. | France | 1 male 1 female | Left |
Duques, 2002 [72] | Observational N = 34 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case—2.9%). Double LRV (3 cases—8.9%). | Not mentioned. | Brazil | 24 males 10 females | Left |
Sebe et al., 2002 [73] | Observational N = 88 | Left adrenal vein that drains into a double RV (4 cases—4.5%). | Not mentioned. | France | Not specified | Bilateral |
Aljabri, 2001 [74] | Observational N = 1788 | Circumaortic LRV (29 cases—1.62%). Retroaortic LRV (57 cases—3.18%). | Not mentioned. | Canada | 929 males 859 females | Left |
Shindo, 2000 [75] | Observational N = 166 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case). | Not mentioned. | Japan | 3 males 1 females | Left |
Yoshinag, 2000 [76] | Observational N = 203 | Retroaortic LRV (1 case). | Not mentioned. | Japan | Not specified | Left |
Satyapal, 1999 [77] | Observational N = 1008 | Circumaortic LRV (301 cases—30%). Retroaortic LRV (71 cases—7.1%). Additional RV (60 cases—6%). | Not mentioned. | South Africa | Not specified | Left |
Pozniak, 1998 [78] | Observational N = 205 | Circumaortic LRV (17 cases—8.3%). Retroaortic LRV (6 cases—2.9%). | Not mentioned. | USA | 90 males 115 females | Bilateral |
Trigaux, 1998 [79] | Observational N = 1014 | Circumaortic LRV, (64 cases—6.3%). Retroaortic LRV (38 cases—3.7%). | The distance between the entrance to the IVC in case of a circumaortic variation and the distance in the case of retroaortic RV were not statistically different (p = 0.6). | Belgium | 572 males 442 females | Left |
Baptista-Silva et al., 1997 [80] | Observational N = 342 | Circumaortic LRV (6 cases—1.75%). Retroaortic LRV (8 cases—2.3%). Double RRV (9 cases—2.63%), triple (3 cases—0.87%). Right gonadal vein draining into the RRV (1 case—0.3%). | Not mentioned. | Brazil | 134 males 208 females | Bilateral |
Hicks, 1995 [81] | Observational N = 108 | Circumaortic LRV (11 cases—10%). Retroaortic LRV (2 cases—1.85%). Double LRV (5 cases—4.6%), triple (1 case—0.92%). Double RRV (18 cases—16.6%), triple (4 cases—3.7%). | No statistically significant difference between the 108 patients included and the 78 excluded regarding the indication for the procedure or demographic information such as sex, age, height, or weight. Renal venography was more sensitive in detecting both significant (p < 0.001) and insignificant (p < 0.001) abnormalities. | USA | 51 males 57 females | Bilateral |
Kaufman, 1995 [82] | Observational N = 150 | Circumaortic LRV (8 cases—5%). Retroaortic LRV (10 cases—7%). Multiple RRV (12 cases—8%). | Not mentioned. | USA | Not specified | Bilateral |
Satyapal, 1995 [83] | Observational N = 153 | Double RRV (40 cases—26%), triple (5 cases—3.2%). Double LRV (4 cases—2.6%). | Not mentioned. | South Africa | 131 males 22 females | Bilateral |
Benedetti-Panici, 1994 [84] | Observational N = 309 | Circumaortic RV (3 cases—0.97%). | Not mentioned. | Italy | 309 females | Bilateral |
Martinez-Almagro, 1992 [85] | Observational N = 116 | Retroaortic LRV (6 cases—5%). | Not mentioned. | Spain | 94 males 22 females | Left |
Hoeltl, 1990 [3] | Observational N = 4520 | Circumaortic LRV (4 cases—0.08%). Retroaortic LRV (29 cases—0.6%). | Not mentioned. | Austria | Not specified | Left |
Observational N = 354 | Circumaortic LRV (2 cases—0.5%). Retroaortic LRV (4 cases—1.2%). | |||||
Observational N = 215 | Circumaortic LRV (2 cases—0.9%). Retroaortic LRV (6 cases—2.8%). | |||||
Monkhouse, 1986 [86] | Observational N = 57 | Circumaortic LRV (2 cases—3.5%). Double RRV (1 case—1.7%). RRV drains into IVC lower than LRV (22 cases—38.5%). RRV drains into IVC upper than LRV (4 cases—7%). | Not mentioned. | UK | 25 embalmed (9 males and 16 females); 32 fresh postmortem (8 males and 24 females) | Bilateral |
Mayo, 1983 [87] | Observational N = 1140 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case—0.08%). | Not mentioned. | Canada | Not specified | Left |
Reed, 1982 [88] | Observational N = 433 | Circumaortic LRV (19 cases—4.4%). Retroaortic LRV (8 cases—1.8%). | Not mentioned. | USA | Not specified | Left |
Alexander, 1981 [89] | Observational N = 1200 | Circumaortic LRV (3 cases—0.25%). Retroaortic LRV (1 case—0.08%). | Not mentioned. | USA | Not specified | Left |
Beckmann, 1980 [90] | Observational N = 132 | Circumaortic venous ring (8 cases—6.06%). Retroaortic LRV (1 case—0.75%). Double RRV (13 cases—9.84%), triple (3 cases—2.27%). Right gonadal vein draining into the RRV (4 cases—3%). | Not mentioned. | USA | Not specified | Bilateral |
Kramer, 1980 [91] | Observational N = 193 | Circumaortic RV (10 cases—5%). | Not mentioned. | South Africa | 140 males 53 females | Left |
Lien, 1977 [92] | Observational N = 100 | Circumaortic LRV (10 cases—10%). Retroaortic LRV (2 cases—2%). | Not mentioned. | Norway | 100 males | Left |
Goswami, 1976 [93] | Observational N = 1 | Double LRV. | Not mentioned. | USA | 1 female | Left |
Royster, 1974 [94] | Observational N = 159 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case—0.6%). Retroaortic LRV (3 cases—1.8%), Double LRV (1 case—0.6%). | Not mentioned. | USA | Not specified | Left |
Royster, 1974 [94] | Observational N = 228 | Circumaortic LRV (1 case—0.43%). Retroaortic LRV (2 cases—0.8%). | Not mentioned. | USA | Not specified | Left |
Davis, 1968 [95] | Observational N = 270 | Circumaortic LRV (4 cases—1.5%). Retroaortic LRV (5 cases—1.8%). | Not mentioned. | USA | 9 males | Left |
Ross, 1961 [96] | Observational N = 34 | Double RRV (7 cases—20.5%). Double LRV (1 case—3%). | Not mentioned. | Scotland | 16 males 18 females | Bilateral |
Reis, 1959 [97] | Observational N = 500 | Circumaortic RV (30 cases—6%). Retroaortic LRV (12 cases—2.4%). Double LRV (4 cases—0.8%) Double RRV (51 cases—10.2%), triple (3 cases—0.6%). | Not mentioned. | USA | 437 males 63 females | Bilateral |
Author and Year | Total N | Prevalence | Multiple RV | RV Course (Circumaortic or Retroaortic) | RV Ramifications | Unusual Origin of RV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pedrao, 2023 [13] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Silva 2021 [14] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 RV course: 1 | 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Pradeep, 2020 [15] | 188 | Multiple RV: 12 RV course: 4 | 12 | 4 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Salimy et al., 2020 [16] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Fontana, 2018 [17] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 RV course: 1 | 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Tatarano et al., 2019 [18] | 120 | RV course: 7 | Not mentioned | 7 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Dunnwald, 2019 [19] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Shaheen, 2018 [6] | 50 | Multiple RV: 46 | 46 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Hassan, 2017 [20] | 63 | Multiple RV: 5 | 5 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Nambur, 2017 [21] | 60 | Multiple RV: 3 RV course: 7 | 3 | 7 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Ayaz, 2016 [22] | 222 | RV course: 13 | Not mentioned | 13 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Çınar, 2016 [23] | 504 | Multiple RV: 109 RV course: 47 | 109 | 47 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Duran, 2016 [24] | 23 | RV course: 2 | Not mentioned | 2 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Kumaresan, 2016 [25] | 100 | Multiple RV: 19 RV course: 4 | 19 | 4 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Pandya, 2016 [26] | 200 | Multiple RV: 66 RV course: 13 | 66 | 13 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Staśkiewicz, 2016 [27] | 996 | RV course: 99 | Not mentioned | 99 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Bouzouita et al., 2015 [28] | 71 | Multiple RV: 8 RV course: 1 | 8 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Heidler, 2015 [29] | 7929 | RV course: 61 | Not mentioned | 61 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Mazengenya, 2015 [99] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Reginelli, 2015 [30] | 921 | Multiple RV: 94 RV course: 219 | 94 | 219 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Resorlu, 2015 [31] | 680 | Multiple RV: 46 RV course: 53 | 46 | 53 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Ballesteros, 2014 [33] | 312 | Multiple RV: 34 RV course: 3 | 34 | 3 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Boyaci, 2014 [34] | 746 | RV course: 73 | Not mentioned | 73 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Ferreira, 2014 [35] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 RV course: 1 | 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Lavy et al., 2015 [36] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Rashid, 2014 [37] | 100 | Multiple RV: 17 RV course: 8 | 17 | 8 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Șahin, 2014 [38] | 2189 | RV course: 50 | Not mentioned | 50 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Dilli, 2013 [39] | 1204 | RV course: 63 | Not mentioned | 63 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Poyraz, 2013 [41] | 1000 | RV course: 68 | Not mentioned | 68 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Tao, 2013 [42] | 378 | RV course: 15 | Not mentioned | 15 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Apisarnthanarak, 2012 [43] | 65 | Multiple RV: 24 RV course: 2 RV ramifications: 4 | 24 | 2 | 4 | Not mentioned |
Atalar, 2012 [44] | 739 | RV course: 23 | Not mentioned | 23 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Bouali et al., 2012 [45] | 120 | Multiple RV: 24. RV course: 11 | 24 | 11 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Dilli, 2012 [46] | 2644 | RV course: 71 | Not mentioned | 71 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Gupta, 2011 [47] | 30 | Multiple RV: 2 RV course: 4 | 2 | 4 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Yi et al., 2012 [48] | 3 | RV course: 2 | Not mentioned | 2 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Costa et al., 2011 [49] | 254 | Multiple RV: 28 RV course: 4 | 28 | 4 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Kulkarni, 2011 [50] | 102 | Multiple RV: 7 RV course: 6 | 7 | 6 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Li et al., 2011 [51] | 61 | RV ramification: 51 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 51 | Not mentioned |
Turkvatan, 2009 [53] | 59 | Multiple RV: 3 RV course: 5 | 3 | 5 | Not mentioned | 4 |
Kaneko et al., 2008 [54] | 190 | Multiple RV: 25 | 25 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Mir et al., 2008 [55] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Natsis, 2008 [56] | 319 | RV course: 8 | Not mentioned | 8 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Tombul, 2008 [57] | 60 | Multiple RV: 9 | 9 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Yagci, 2008 [58] | 783 | RV course: 42 | Not mentioned | 42 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Holt, 2007 [59] | 278 | RV course: 9 | Not mentioned | 9 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Karaman, 2007 [60] | 1856 | RV course: 85 | Not mentioned | 85 | Not mentioned | 89 |
Karazincir, 2007 [61] | 277 | RV course: 16 | Not mentioned | 16 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Koc, 2007 [62] | 1120 | Multiple RV: 210 RV course: 115 | 210 | 115 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Raman, 2007 [63] | 126 | Multiple RV: 40 RV course: 13 | 40 | 13 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Namasivayam, 2006 [64] | 48 | Multiple RV: 14 RV course: 3 | 14 | 3 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Arslan, 2005 [65] | 1125 | RV course: 19 | Not mentioned | 19 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Kawamoto, 2005 [66] | 100 | RV course: 5 RV ramifications: 6 | Not mentioned | 5 | 6 | Not mentioned |
Klemm, 2005 [67] | 86 | RV course: 1 | Not mentioned | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Janschek, 2004 [7] | 119 | Multiple RV: 35 RV course: 10 | 35 | 10 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Lin, 2004 [68] | 170 | RV course: 18 | Not mentioned | 16 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Yeh, 2004 [69] | 186 | RV course: 9 | Not mentioned | 9 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Yesidag, 2004 [70] | 1003 | RV course: 32 | Not mentioned | 32 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Senecail et al., 2003 [71] | 2 | RV course: 2 | Not mentioned | 2 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Duques, 2002 [72] | 34 | Multiple renal vein: 3 RV course: 1 | 3 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Sebe et al., 2002 [73] | 88 | Multiple RV: 4 RV origin: 4 | 4 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 4 |
Aljabri, 2001 [74] | 1788 | RV course: 86 | Not mentioned | 86 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Shindo, 2000 [75] | 166 | RV course: 1 | Not mentioned | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Yoshinag, 2000 [76] | 203 | RV course: 1 | Not mentioned | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Satyapal, 1999 [77] | 1008 | Multiple RV: 60 RV course: 372 | 60 | 372 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Pozniak, 1998 [78] | 205 | RV course: 23 | Not mentioned | 23 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Trigaux, 1998 [79] | 1014 | RV course: 102 | Not mentioned | 102 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Baptista-Silva et al., 1997 [80] | 342 | Multiple RV: 12 RV course: 14 RV ramifications: 1 | 12 | 14 | 1 | Not mentioned |
Hicks, 1995 [81] | 108 | Multiple RV: 28 RV course: 13 | 28 | 13 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Kaufman, 1995 [82] | 150 | Multiple RV: 12 RV course: 18 | 12 | 18 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Satyapal, 1995 [83] | 153 | Multiple RV: 49 | 49 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Benedetti-Panici, 1994 [84] | 309 | RV course: 3 | Not mentioned | 3 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Martinez-Almagro, 1992 [85] | 116 | RV course: 6 | Not mentioned | 6 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Hoeltl, 1990 [3] | 5089 | RV course: 47 | Not mentioned | 47 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Monkhouse, 1986 [86] | 57 | Multiple RV: 1 RV course: 2 RV origin: 26 | 1 | 2 | Not mentioned | 26 |
Mayo, 1983 [87] | 1140 | RV course: 1 | Not mentioned | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Reed, 1982 [88] | 433 | RV course: 27 | Not mentioned | 27 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Alexander, 1981 [89] | 1200 | RV course: 4 | Not mentioned | 4 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Beckmann, 1980 [90] | 132 | Multiple RV: 9 RV course: 16 RV ramifications: 4 | 9 | 16 | 4 | Not mentioned |
Kramer, 1980 [91] | 193 | RV course: 10 | Not mentioned | 10 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Lien, 1977 [92] | 100 | RV course: 12 | Not mentioned | 12 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Goswami, 1976 [93] | 1 | Multiple RV: 1 | 1 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Royster, 1974 [94] | 159 | Multiple RV: 2 RV course: 5 | 2 | 5 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Royster, 1974 [94] | 228 | RV course: 3 | Not mentioned | 3 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Davis, 1968 [95] | 270 | RV course: 9 | Not mentioned | 9 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Ross, 1961 [96] | 34 | Multiple RV: 8 | 8 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Reis, 1959 [97] | 500 | Multiple RV: 58 RV course: 42 | 58 | 42 | Not mentioned | Notmentioned |
Author | JBI Q1 | JBI Q2 | JBI Q3 | JBI Q4 | JBI Q5 | JBI Q6 | JBI Q7 | JBI Q8 | Bias Risk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dunnwald et al., 2019 [19] | Low | ||||||||
Eid et al., 2013 [40] | Low | ||||||||
Favaro et al., 2009 [52] | Low | ||||||||
Ferreira et al., 2014 [35] | Low | ||||||||
Yi et al., 2012 [48] | Low | ||||||||
Goswami et al., 1976 [93] | Low | ||||||||
Mazengenya et al., 2015 [99] | Low | ||||||||
Mir et al., 2008 [55] | Low | ||||||||
Pedrao, 2023 [13] | Low | ||||||||
Salimy et al., 2020 [16] | Low | ||||||||
Senecail et al., 2003 [71] | Low | ||||||||
Silva, 2021 [14] | Low |
(1) Were patient’s demographic characteristics clearly described? | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable |
(2) Was the patient’s history clearly described and presented as a timeline? | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable |
(3) Was the current clinical condition of the patient on presentation clearly described? | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable |
(4) Were diagnostic tests or assessment methods results clearly described? | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable |
(5) Was the intervention(s) or treatment procedure(s) clearly described? | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable |
(6) Was the postintervention clinical condition clearly described? | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable |
(7) Were adverse events (harms) or unanticipated events identified and described? | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable |
(8) Does the case report provide takeaway lessons? | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable |
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Valenzuela Fuenzalida, J.J.; Vera-Tapia, K.; Urzúa-Márquez, C.; Yáñez-Castillo, J.; Trujillo-Riveros, M.; Koscina, Z.; Orellana-Donoso, M.; Nova-Baeza, P.; Suazo-Santibañez, A.; Sanchis-Gimeno, J.; et al. Anatomical Variants of the Renal Veins and Their Relationship with Morphofunctional Alterations of the Kidney: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3689. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133689
Valenzuela Fuenzalida JJ, Vera-Tapia K, Urzúa-Márquez C, Yáñez-Castillo J, Trujillo-Riveros M, Koscina Z, Orellana-Donoso M, Nova-Baeza P, Suazo-Santibañez A, Sanchis-Gimeno J, et al. Anatomical Variants of the Renal Veins and Their Relationship with Morphofunctional Alterations of the Kidney: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(13):3689. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133689
Chicago/Turabian StyleValenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan Jose, Karla Vera-Tapia, Camila Urzúa-Márquez, Javiera Yáñez-Castillo, Martín Trujillo-Riveros, Zmilovan Koscina, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Alejandra Suazo-Santibañez, Juan Sanchis-Gimeno, and et al. 2024. "Anatomical Variants of the Renal Veins and Their Relationship with Morphofunctional Alterations of the Kidney: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 13: 3689. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133689
APA StyleValenzuela Fuenzalida, J. J., Vera-Tapia, K., Urzúa-Márquez, C., Yáñez-Castillo, J., Trujillo-Riveros, M., Koscina, Z., Orellana-Donoso, M., Nova-Baeza, P., Suazo-Santibañez, A., Sanchis-Gimeno, J., Bruna-Mejias, A., & Gutiérrez Espinoza, H. (2024). Anatomical Variants of the Renal Veins and Their Relationship with Morphofunctional Alterations of the Kidney: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(13), 3689. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133689