Accuracy of Estimated Fetal Weight Assessment in Fetuses with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia—Is the Hadlock Formula a Reliable Tool?
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Control Group (n = 80) | Study Group (n = 42) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 31.3 ± 3.9 | 29.9 ± 4.7 | NS |
BMI | 26.7 ± 3.9 | 28 ± 3.9 | NS |
Gravidity | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | NS |
Parity | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | NS |
Gestational age at delivery [weeks + days] | 38 + 3 | 38 + 4 | NS |
Interval between US scan and delivery [days, median, range] | 0 [0–16] | 5 [0–14] | <0.001 |
Variable | Control Group (n = 80) | Study Group (n = 42) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Birthweight [g] | 3306.5 ± 375.8 | 3162.9 ± 386.3 | 0.049 |
AC [mm] | 341.1 ± 15.9 | 320.3 ± 17.8 | <0.001 |
AC percentile [%] | 42 ± 23.7 | 36.6 ± 60.1 | 0.005 |
BPD [mm] | 92 ± 4.1 | 92.5 ± 3.4 | 0.49 |
BPD percentile [%] | 41.9 ± 27.6 | 56.1 ± 28.8 | 0.006 |
HC [mm] | 328.2 ± 11 | 329 ± 12.5 | NS |
HC percentile [%] | 34.2 ± 24.6 | 45.6 ± 30.4 | NS |
FL [mm] | 73.4 ± 3.8 | 70.9 ± 2.95 | <0.001 |
FL percentile [%] | 58.8 ± 28.6 | 47 ± 25.5 | NS |
Liver up | 19 (45.2%) | - | |
Alive at 28 days | 31 (73.8%) | - | |
Left-side herniation | 39 (92.9%) | - | |
FETO procedure | 9 (21.4%) | - |
Variable | Left-Sided CDH (n = 39) [Mean ± SD] | Right-Sided CDH (n = 3) [Mean ± SD] | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Birthweight [g] | 3131.1 ± 401.4 | 3096.7 ± 167.4 | NS |
AC [mm] | 320.9 ± 18.3 | 315.3 ± 6.9 | NS |
AC percentile [%] | 38.3 ± 59.9 | 18.5 ± 20.2 | NS |
BPD [mm] | 92.5 ± 3.3 | 91.7 ± 4.6 | NS |
BPD percentile [%] | 56.6 ± 27.4 | 54.6 ± 44.2 | NS |
HC [mm] | 329.1 ± 12.4 | 321.9 ± 2.8 | NS |
HC percentile [%] | 46.9 ± 30.2 | 24.4 ± 12.7 | NS |
FL [mm] | 70.8 ± 3.0 | 70.1 ± 0.6 | NS |
FL percentile [%] | 46.4 ± 25.8 | 34.5 ± 11.7 | NS |
Liver up | 17 (43.6%) | 2 (66.6%) | NS |
Alive at 28 days | 28 (71.8%) | 3 (100%) | NS |
Variable | FETO (n = 9) | No-FETO (n = 33) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Birthweight [g] | 2836.7 ± 423.9 | 3215.8 ± 346.2 | 0.008 |
Gestational age at delivery [weeks + days] | 37 + 1 | 38 + 5 | <0.0001 |
AC [mm] | 312.6 ± 18.6 | 322.5 ± 17.3 | NS |
AC percentile [%] | 31.8 ± 30.0 | 28.6 ± 21.8 | NS |
BPD [mm] | 91.6 ± 3.9 | 92.6 ± 3.2 | NS |
BPD percentile [%] | 61.9 ± 28.7 | 55.1 ± 28.2 | NS |
HC [mm] | 327.2 ± 15.2 | 328.9 ± 11.6 | NS |
HC percentile [%] | 57.4 ± 31.9 | 42.5 ± 29.0 | NS |
FL [mm] | 69.5 ± 2.7 | 71.1 ± 3.0 | NS |
FL percentile [%] | 45.7 ± 23.6 | 45.6 ± 25.9 | NS |
Liver up | 5 (55.5%) | 14 (42.4%) | NS |
Group | Variable | Mean ± SD [g] | Mean Difference ± SD [g] | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | r * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group | Weight | 3306.5 ± 375.8 | ||||
EFW | 3304.7 ± 323.8 | 217.1 ± 191.9 | 176.7–259.2 | NS | 0.664 | |
Adjusted EFW 1 | 3326.8 ± 320.4 | 213.3 ± 191.5 | 171.3–255.3 | NS | 0.671 | |
Faschingbauer’s formula 2 | 3448.2 ± 279.7 | 271.2 ± 170.2 | 233.9–308.5 | <0.001 | 0.648 | |
Adjusted Faschingbauer’s formula | 3470.3 ± 274.7 | 279.9 ± 168.2 | 243.0–316.8 | <0.001 | 0.660 | |
Study group | Weight | 3162.9 ± 386.3 | ||||
EFW | 2942.6 ± 344.5 | 315.3 ± 231.4 | 245.3–385.1 | <0.001 | 0.609 | |
Adjusted EFW 1 | 3080.4 ± 345.5 | 248.9 ± 177.8 | 194.8–303.2 | 0.079 | 0.676 | |
Faschingbauer’s formula 2 | 3103.2 ± 297.6 | 260.9 ± 195.2 | 201.9–320.4 | NS | 0.581 | |
Adjusted Faschingbauer’s formula | 3241 ± 301.6 | 244.2 ± 182.9 | 189.4–300.5 | NS | 0.652 |
Group | Mean ± SD | Minimum–Maximum | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
EFW % gap | Control group | 6.5 ± 5.4% | 0.09–22.9% | 0.005 |
Study group | 9.7 ± 6.6% | 0.2–26.5% | ||
Adjusted EFW % gap | Control group | 6.4 ± 5.5% | 0.06–22.9% | NS |
Study group | 7.8 ± 5.5% | 0.6–21.1% | ||
Faschingbauer’s formula % gap | Control group | 8.4 ± 5.4% | 0.4–21.9% | NS |
Study group | 8.2 ± 5.9% | 0.7–21.9% | ||
Adjusted Faschingbauer’s formula % gap | Control group | 8.7 ± 5.4% | 0.3–21.9 | NS |
Study group | 7.9 ± 6.5% | 0.1–24.9% |
Group | Mean ± SD | Minimum–Maximum | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
EFW % gap | 9.7 ± 6.6% | 0.2–26.5% | 0.0068 |
Adjusted EFW % gap | 7.8 ± 5.5% | 0.6–21.1% | NS |
Faschingbauer’s formula % gap | 8.2 ± 5.9% | 0.7–21.9% | 0.69 |
Adjusted Faschingbauer’s formula % gap | 7.8 ± 5.5% | 0.6–21.1% | NS |
EFW % gap | 9.7 ± 6.6% | 0.2–26.5% | 0.094 |
Faschingbauer’s formula% gap | 7.9 ± 6.5% | 0.1–24.9% | NS |
Adjusted EFW % gap | 7.8 ± 5.5% | 0.6–21.1% | 0.88 |
Adjusted Faschingbauer’s formula % gap | 7.9 ± 6.5% | 0.1–24.9% | NS |
Group | Mean ± SD | Minimum–Maximum | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
EFW % gap | 6.5 ± 5.4% | 0.09–22.9% | 0.45 |
Adjusted EFW % gap | 6.4 ± 5.5% | 0.06–22.9% | NS |
Faschingbauer’s formula % gap | 8.4 ± 5.4% | 0.4–21.9% | 0.07 |
Adjusted Faschingbauer’s formula % gap | 8.7 ± 5.4% | 0.3–21.9 | NS |
EFW % gap | 6.5 ± 5.4% | 0.09–22.9% | 0.0016 |
Faschingbauer’s formula% gap | 8.4 ± 5.4% | 0.4–21.9% | NS |
Adjusted EFW % gap | 6.4 ± 5.5% | 0.06–22.9% | <0.001 |
Adjusted Faschingbauer’s formula % gap | 8.7 ± 5.4% | 0.3–21.9% | NS |
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Kuchnowska, D.; Stachura, A.; Kosinski, P.; Gawlak, M.; Wegrzyn, P. Accuracy of Estimated Fetal Weight Assessment in Fetuses with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia—Is the Hadlock Formula a Reliable Tool? J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123392
Kuchnowska D, Stachura A, Kosinski P, Gawlak M, Wegrzyn P. Accuracy of Estimated Fetal Weight Assessment in Fetuses with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia—Is the Hadlock Formula a Reliable Tool? Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(12):3392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123392
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuchnowska, Daria, Albert Stachura, Przemyslaw Kosinski, Maciej Gawlak, and Piotr Wegrzyn. 2024. "Accuracy of Estimated Fetal Weight Assessment in Fetuses with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia—Is the Hadlock Formula a Reliable Tool?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 12: 3392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123392
APA StyleKuchnowska, D., Stachura, A., Kosinski, P., Gawlak, M., & Wegrzyn, P. (2024). Accuracy of Estimated Fetal Weight Assessment in Fetuses with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia—Is the Hadlock Formula a Reliable Tool? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(12), 3392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123392