The Impact of Color Vision Deficiency on the Capability of Ophthalmologists to Diagnose Benign and Malignant Choroidal Tumors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. CVD Simulation and Assessment
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Non-Simulated Images Diagnosis Score | Simulated Protanopia Images Diagnosis Score | Simulated Deuteranopia Images Diagnosis Score | Simulated Tritanopia Images Diagnosis Score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Choroidal Lesion | Correct (%) | Correct (%) | p Value | Correct (%) | p Value | Correct (%) | p Value | |
Normal | Diagnosis | 41 (100%) | 32 (78%) | 0.002 | 33 (81%) | 0.005 | 40 (98%) | 1.00 |
Need for referral | 41 (100%) | 40 (98%) | 1.00 | 40 (98%) | 1.00 | 41 (100%) | 1.00 | |
Hemangioma | Diagnosis | 16 (39%) | 5 (12%) | 0.01 | 6 (15%) | 0.02 | 13 (32%) | 0.64 |
Need for referral | 38 (93%) | 31 (76%) | 0.70 | 34 (83%) | 0.31 | 35 (85%) | 0.47 | |
Nevus | Diagnosis | 36 (88%) | 26 (63%) | 0.019 | 24 (59%) | 0.005 | 34 (83%) | 0.75 |
Need for referral | 39 (95%) | 32 (78%) | 0.007 | 30 (73%) | 0.003 | 38 (93%) | 1.00 | |
Melanoma | Diagnosis | 38 (93%) | 30 (73%) | 0.03 | 30 (73%) | 0.03 | 36 (88%) | 0.70 |
Need for referral | 41 (100%) | 39 (95%) | 0.49 | 40 (98%) | 1.00 | 41 (100%) | 1.00 | |
Metastasis | Diagnosis | 30 (73%) | 19 (46%) | 0.024 | 18 (44%) | 0.013 | 26 (63%) | 0.47 |
Need for referral | 38 (93%) | 34 (83%) | 0.31 | 35 (85%) | 0.48 | 39 (95%) | 1.00 |
41 Participants (41) | Specialty | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (41) | General Ophthalmologists (28) | Retina Specialist & Ocular Oncologist (13) | p Value | ||
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
Non-simulated images diagnosis score | Overall Score | 36 (88%) | 23 (82%) | 13 (100%) | 0.159 |
Benign vs. Malignant | 40 (98%) | 27 (96%) | 13 (100%) | 1.00 | |
p value | 0.201 | 0.19 | 1.00 | ||
Simulated protanopia images diagnosis score | Overall Score | 30 (%) | 20 (%) | 10 (%) | 1.00 |
Benign vs. Malignant | 38 (%) | 26 (%) | 12 (%) | 1.00 | |
p value | 0.037 | 0.07 | 0.59 | ||
Simulated deuteranopia images diagnosis score | Overall Score | 28 (%) | 18 (%) | 10 (%) | 0.49 |
Benign vs. Malignant | 37 (%) | 25 (%) | 12 (%) | 0.45 | |
p value | 0.027 | 0.055 | 0.59 | ||
Simulated tritanopia images diagnosis Score | Overall Score | 35 (%) | 23 (%) | 12 (%) | 0.644 |
Benign vs. Malignant | 39 (%) | 26 (%) | 13 (%) | 1.00 | |
p value | 0.26 | 0.42 | 1.00 |
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Elfalah, M.; AlRyalat, S.A.; Abu-Yaghi, N.E.; Mohammad, M.; AlNawiaseh, I.; Rayyan, D.; Albliwi, M.; Elfalah, M.; AlSarairah, F.; Yousef, Y.A. The Impact of Color Vision Deficiency on the Capability of Ophthalmologists to Diagnose Benign and Malignant Choroidal Tumors. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072744
Elfalah M, AlRyalat SA, Abu-Yaghi NE, Mohammad M, AlNawiaseh I, Rayyan D, Albliwi M, Elfalah M, AlSarairah F, Yousef YA. The Impact of Color Vision Deficiency on the Capability of Ophthalmologists to Diagnose Benign and Malignant Choroidal Tumors. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(7):2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072744
Chicago/Turabian StyleElfalah, Mutasem, Saif Aldeen AlRyalat, Nakhleh E. Abu-Yaghi, Mona Mohammad, Ibrahim AlNawiaseh, Deema Rayyan, Moath Albliwi, Mohammad Elfalah, Fawaz AlSarairah, and Yacoub A. Yousef. 2023. "The Impact of Color Vision Deficiency on the Capability of Ophthalmologists to Diagnose Benign and Malignant Choroidal Tumors" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 7: 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072744