Demodicosis in Different Age Groups and Alternative Treatment Options—A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Demodex spp.
2. Literature Search Strategy
3. Demodicosis Etiology and Coinfections
3.1. Immunological Response
3.2. Demodex spp. and Coinfections
4. Incidence of Demodicosis in Different Patient Groups
4.1. Demodicosis in Children and Teenagers
4.2. Demodicosis in Adults and Elderly
5. Demodicosis—Predisposing Factors and Clinical Presentation
6. Diagnosis
7. Treatment
7.1. Antibiotics
7.2. Essential Oils
Available Treatment Options in Demodicosis: | |||
---|---|---|---|
Antibiotics: | Properties | Treatment | References |
Ivermectin |
|
| [100,118,119,120] |
Metronidazole |
|
| [9,107,121,122,123] |
Alternative treatment: | Properties | Treatment | References |
Tea tree oil |
|
| [103,105,106] |
Salvia oil |
|
| [9] |
Peppermint oil |
|
| [9,105,108] |
Castor oil |
|
| [106,110] |
Black seed oil |
|
| [111,112,113] |
Bergamot oil (BEO) |
|
| [108,116,117] |
8. Discussion and Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microorganism | Symptoms | References |
---|---|---|
Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus, S. epidermidis) | blepharitis, conjunctivitis, cutaneous diseases | [24,32,33,34] |
Streptococcus spp. | blepharitis | [34] |
Bacillus oleronius | blepharitis, rosacea | [8,33,34] |
Propionibacterium acnes (Cutibacterium acnes) | blepharitis, acne | [35] |
Corynebacterium spp. | blepharitis | [36] |
Funghi:
| cutaneous diseases, dermatophytosis, dermatological disorders, pityriasis folliculorum | [21,32,37] |
Symptoms of Demodicosis—Summary: | |
---|---|
Skin demodicosis: | |
rash, acne, rosacea, unilateral rosacea (unilateral Demodex sp. folliculitis), pustules, purulent eruptions, erythema, boils, crusts | [35,83,84] |
swelling around skin lesions, burning and itching of the skin, a tickling feeling | [85] |
calluses, hyperplasia, peeling of the epidermis (hyperkeratosis), dry skin | [3] |
inflammation of follicles | [85,86] |
hair loss | [21,83] |
blockage of the sebaceous ducts, the formation of blackheads | [83,87,88] |
widening of blood vessels leading to skin hyperemia | [21,84] |
skin infections caused by bacteria and fungi | [24,34] |
Eye demodicosis: | |
loss of eyelashes and eyebrows | [21,83] |
posterior and/or anterior blepharitis | [24,32,33,34,83] |
eye infections caused by bacteria and fungi | [24,34] |
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Chudzicka-Strugała, I.; Gołębiewska, I.; Brudecki, G.; Elamin, W.; Zwoździak, B. Demodicosis in Different Age Groups and Alternative Treatment Options—A Review. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 1649. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041649
Chudzicka-Strugała I, Gołębiewska I, Brudecki G, Elamin W, Zwoździak B. Demodicosis in Different Age Groups and Alternative Treatment Options—A Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(4):1649. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041649
Chicago/Turabian StyleChudzicka-Strugała, Izabela, Iwona Gołębiewska, Grzegorz Brudecki, Wael Elamin, and Barbara Zwoździak. 2023. "Demodicosis in Different Age Groups and Alternative Treatment Options—A Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4: 1649. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041649
APA StyleChudzicka-Strugała, I., Gołębiewska, I., Brudecki, G., Elamin, W., & Zwoździak, B. (2023). Demodicosis in Different Age Groups and Alternative Treatment Options—A Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1649. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041649