Psychiatric Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study on Prevalence, Distribution and Clinical Features in an Italian Sample
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Explore the prevalence and distribution of comorbid psychiatric disorders across different age groups in a large group of Italian children and adolescents with high-functioning ASD.
- Investigating the individual and clinical features associated with psychiatric comorbidities, namely age, sex, adaptive skills, ASD symptoms, and maternal stress levels.
- Explore differences among age groups in individual and clinical features associated with psychiatric comorbidities in ASD.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedure
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Autistic Symptoms Assessment
2.3.2. Psychopathological Assessment
2.3.3. Cognitive Assessment
2.3.4. Adaptive Functioning Assessment
2.3.5. Maternal Stress Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities
3.2. Differences between Groups: Age, Sex, Adaptive Skills, ASD Symptoms and Maternal Stress
- Without psychiatric comorbidities (ASD group; n = 319; 79.9/21% males/females);
- With psychiatric comorbidity (ASD/PSY group; n = 153; 87.6/12.4% males/females).
3.3. ASD/PSY Group: Differences between Preschoolers, School-Aged Children and Adolescents
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Preschoolers (n = 221) | School-Age Children (n = 196) | Adolescents (n = 55) | |
---|---|---|---|
ADHD | 20.4 | 21 | 7.3 |
Anxiety/Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 0.4 | 10.6 | 21.8 |
ODD | - | 3.6 | - |
Mood Disorders | - | 2 | 7.3 |
Tourette’s Disorder/Tic Disorder | - | 2 | 5.4 |
Feeding and Eating Disorders | - | 2 | 1.8 |
Other disorders | - | 1 | 1.8 |
ASD | ASD/PSY | Post-Hoc Comparisons (Tukey HSD Test) p-Values | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 6.66 ± 3.24 | 8.25 ± 3.47 | <0.001 * |
Adaptive skills | 67.32 ± 18.05 | 63.1 ± 15.37 | 0.02 * |
ADOS-CSS Social Affect | 5.69 ± 1.52 | 5.98 ± 1.65 | 0.07 |
ADOS-CSS Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors | 6.81 ± 1.62 | 6.61 ± 1.98 | 0.26 |
ADOS-CSS Total score | 5.75 ± 1.4 | 5.85 ± 1.45 | 0.51 |
PSI Total score | 76.78 ± 22.43 | 83.23 ± 22.51 | <0.01 * |
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Fucà, E.; Guerrera, S.; Valeri, G.; Casula, L.; Novello, R.L.; Menghini, D.; Vicari, S. Psychiatric Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study on Prevalence, Distribution and Clinical Features in an Italian Sample. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020677
Fucà E, Guerrera S, Valeri G, Casula L, Novello RL, Menghini D, Vicari S. Psychiatric Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study on Prevalence, Distribution and Clinical Features in an Italian Sample. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(2):677. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020677
Chicago/Turabian StyleFucà, Elisa, Silvia Guerrera, Giovanni Valeri, Laura Casula, Roberta Lucia Novello, Deny Menghini, and Stefano Vicari. 2023. "Psychiatric Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study on Prevalence, Distribution and Clinical Features in an Italian Sample" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 2: 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020677