Nausea Predicts Bacteremia in Immunocompetent Patients with Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Secondary Data Analysis from a Prospective Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants and Design
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Definitions of Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strength
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Bacteremic Pneumococcal CAP (n = 21) | Non-Bacteremic Pneumococcal CAP (n = 60) | Missing Data |
---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (95% CI) | 57.3 (49.7–64.8) | 63.8 (59.0–68.5) | |
Male, n (%) | 12 (57.1) | 31 (51.7) | |
Any comorbidity (a), n (%) | 8 (38.1) | 37 (61.7) | |
Immunocompromised patients (b), n (%) | 8 (38.1) | 28 (46.7) | |
Active smoker, n (%) | 10 (47.6) | 18 (30.5) | 1 |
Pneumococcal vaccine (<10 years ago), n (%) | 0 | 4 (8.7) | 21 |
Viral co-infection, n (%) | 8 (38.1) | 28 (46.7) | |
Symptom duration before admission (days), median (IQR) | 4 (2.0–5.0) | 4 (2.0–9.0) | |
Time to clinical stability (c) (days), median (IQR) | 4 (4.0–4.5) | 3 (2.5–4.0) | 13 |
Length of hospital stay (days), median (IQR) | 4 (4.0–7.0) | 4 (3.0–6.5) | |
CURB-65 > 2 at admission, n (%) | 7 (33.3) | 16 (28.6) | 4 |
ICU admission and/or short-term mortality (<30 days), n (%) | 5 (23.8) | 6 (10.0) | |
Laboratory values at admission to hospital, median (IQR): | |||
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 76 (70–94) | 80 (65–95) | 1 |
Urea (mmol/L) | 7.1 (5.5–9.0) | 6.1 (4.6–8.2) | 14 |
Arterial lactate > 2 mmol/L, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 5 (9.8) | 13 |
Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 13 (8–18) | 14 (8–18) | 3 |
ALAT (U/L) | 24 (13–36) | 20.5 (12.5–36.5) | 4 |
ALP (U/L) | 73 (58–99) | 75.5 (59.5–91.5) | 4 |
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Floeystad, H.K.; Holter, J.C.; Husebye, E.; Siljan, W.W.; Berild, D.; Holm, A.M.; Heggelund, L. Nausea Predicts Bacteremia in Immunocompetent Patients with Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Secondary Data Analysis from a Prospective Cohort. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3924. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123924
Floeystad HK, Holter JC, Husebye E, Siljan WW, Berild D, Holm AM, Heggelund L. Nausea Predicts Bacteremia in Immunocompetent Patients with Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Secondary Data Analysis from a Prospective Cohort. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(12):3924. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123924
Chicago/Turabian StyleFloeystad, Hans Kristian, Jan Cato Holter, Einar Husebye, William Ward Siljan, Dag Berild, Are Martin Holm, and Lars Heggelund. 2023. "Nausea Predicts Bacteremia in Immunocompetent Patients with Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Secondary Data Analysis from a Prospective Cohort" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12: 3924. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123924
APA StyleFloeystad, H. K., Holter, J. C., Husebye, E., Siljan, W. W., Berild, D., Holm, A. M., & Heggelund, L. (2023). Nausea Predicts Bacteremia in Immunocompetent Patients with Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Secondary Data Analysis from a Prospective Cohort. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(12), 3924. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123924