Internal Iliac Artery Embolization within EVAR Procedure: Safety, Feasibility, and Outcome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Variables
- ELp: the absence of IIA EL at the end of procedure;
- EL1: the absence of IIA EL at 1 month;
- EL2: the absence of IIA EL at 6 months;
- EL3: the absence of IIA EL at 1 year;
- EL4: the absence of IIA EL at more than 1 year;
- Mortality: any death related to IIA EL;
- Re-intervention: any re-intervention related to IIA EL.
2.3. Embolization Technique
2.4. Follow-Up
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N | Value | Range | Variable | N | Value | Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 49 | secondary EL (1 month) | 36 | ||||
median; IQR | 76 (69.5–81.5) | 46–88 | no | 26 (72.22%) | - | ||
Sex | 49 | type 1 | 2 (5.56%) | ||||
M | 48 (97.96%) | - | type 2 | 8 (22.22%) | |||
F | 1 (2.04%) | T2 (6 months) | 34 | ||||
Laterality | 49 | no | 22 (70.97%) | - | |||
monolateral | 46 (93.88%) | - | type 1 | 1 (3.23%) | |||
bilateral | 3 (6.12%) | type 2 | 8 (25.81%) | ||||
Branch | 49 | T3 (1 year) | 27 | ||||
Embolization only | 43 (87.76%) | - | no | 22 (81.48%) | - | ||
Embolization + branch | 6 (12.24%) | type 1 | 0 (0%) | ||||
Device | 48 | type 2 | 5 (18.52%) | ||||
coils | 27 (56.25%) | T4 (>1 year) | 12 | ||||
plug | 19 (39.58%) | - | no | 9 (75%) | - | ||
Coils + plug | 2 (4.17%) | type 1 | 1 (8.3%) | ||||
Execution Timing | 49 | type 2 | 2 (16.7%) | ||||
contestual | 46 (93.9%) | - | How many years after | 12 | |||
later stage | 3 (6.1%) | mean; SD | 4.5 ± 2.78 | 2–9 | |||
Dyslipidemia | 49 | 31 (63.27%) | - | Last control | 49 | ||
Hypertension | 49 | 37 (75.51%) | - | mean; SD | 19.3 ± 26.1 | 0–108 | |
Diabetes Mellitus | 49 | 11 (22.45%) | - | Type of control | 49 | - | |
Smoking | 49 | 20 (40.82%) | - | CEUS | 9 (18.37%) | - | |
INR | 49 | TC | 24 (48.94%) | ||||
median; IQR | 1.08 (1–1.15) | 0.92–3.25 | TC + CEUS | 10 (20.41%) | |||
PLT (109/L) | 49 | Sac Variation (mm) | 46 | ||||
median; IQR | 178 (150.5–217.5) | 61–425 | median; IQR | 0 (0–2) | −27–+18 | ||
Antiplatelets | 49 | Mortality | 48 | ||||
no | 12 (24.49%) | deceased | 17 (35.42%) | - | |||
yes | 29 (59.18%) | - | living | 31 (64.58%) | |||
2 | 8 (16.33%) | Time to exitus (months) | 17 | ||||
Oral Bloodthinners | 49 | 5 (10.2%) | - | mean; SD | 32.55 ± 30.03 | 0.03–98.6 | |
early EL (technical sucess) | 49 | Reintervention | 49 | 8 (16.33%) | - | ||
no | 43 (87.75%) | - | |||||
type 1a | 4 (8.16%) | ||||||
type 1b | 1 (2.04%) | ||||||
type 2 | 1 (2.04%) |
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Fontana, F.; Coppola, A.; Ferrario, L.; De Marchi, G.; Macchi, E.; Zorzetto, G.; Franchin, M.; Piffaretti, G.; Tozzi, M.; Carcano, G.; et al. Internal Iliac Artery Embolization within EVAR Procedure: Safety, Feasibility, and Outcome. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 7399. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247399
Fontana F, Coppola A, Ferrario L, De Marchi G, Macchi E, Zorzetto G, Franchin M, Piffaretti G, Tozzi M, Carcano G, et al. Internal Iliac Artery Embolization within EVAR Procedure: Safety, Feasibility, and Outcome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(24):7399. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247399
Chicago/Turabian StyleFontana, Federico, Andrea Coppola, Lucrezia Ferrario, Giuseppe De Marchi, Edoardo Macchi, Giada Zorzetto, Marco Franchin, Gabriele Piffaretti, Matteo Tozzi, Giulio Carcano, and et al. 2022. "Internal Iliac Artery Embolization within EVAR Procedure: Safety, Feasibility, and Outcome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 24: 7399. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247399
APA StyleFontana, F., Coppola, A., Ferrario, L., De Marchi, G., Macchi, E., Zorzetto, G., Franchin, M., Piffaretti, G., Tozzi, M., Carcano, G., Piacentino, F., & Venturini, M. (2022). Internal Iliac Artery Embolization within EVAR Procedure: Safety, Feasibility, and Outcome. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(24), 7399. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247399