Prediagnosis Depression Rather Than Anxiety Symptoms Is Associated with Decreased Ovarian Cancer Survival: Findings from the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study (OOPS)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods: Study Population
2.1. Assessment of Depression and Anxiety
2.2. Cohort Follow-Up and Outcome Ascertainment
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
5.1. Main Findings
5.2. Interpretation
6. Strengths and Limitations
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All Patients | Depression Symptoms † | Anxiety Symptoms ‡ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Yes | No | ||
No. of patients/deaths | 598/130 | 56/19 | 542/111 | 235/49 | 363/81 |
Mean (SD) age at diagnosis (years) | 53.34 (9.45) | 53.68 (7.40) | 53.30 (9.64) | 53.04 (9.21) | 53.53 (9.61) |
Mean (SD) follow-up time (months) | 35.01 (16.86) | 32.08 (19.19) | 35.31 (16.60) | 35.57 (15.01) | 34.64 (17.97) |
Mean (SD) body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.25 (3.55) | 22.64 (3.50) | 23.31 (3.55) | 23.41 (3.52) | 23.15 (3.57) |
Mean (SD) physical activity (MET hours/day) | 15.80 (11.11) | 15.96 (12.54) | 15.78 (10.97) | 16.34 (11.43) | 15.45 (10.90) |
Mean (SD) sleep duration (hours) * | 7.73 (1.32) | 7.42 (1.47) | 7.77 (1.30) | 7.48 (1.30) | 7.88 (1.32) |
Mean (SD) sleep quality * | 6.35 (3.95) | 9.94 (3.96) | 6.00 (3.78) | 7.09 (3.98) | 5.86 (3.86) |
Ever cigarette smoking | 64 (10.70) | 3 (5.36) | 61 (11.25) | 26 (11.06) | 38 (10.47) |
Ever alcohol drinking | 135 (22.58) | 13 (23.21) | 122 (22.51) | 52 (22.13) | 83 (22.87) |
Ever tea drinking | 195 (32.61) | 15 (26.79) | 180 (33.21) | 73 (31.06) | 122 (33.61) |
Ever menopause | 435 (72.74) | 41 (73.21) | 394 (72.69) | 161 (68.51) | 274 (75.48) |
Experienced stressful life events in past two years | 218 (36.45) | 27 (48.21) | 191 (35.24) | 90 (38.30) | 128 (35.26) |
Ever dietary change before diagnosis | 136 (22.74) | 10 (17.86) | 126 (23.25) | 56 (23.83) | 80 (22.04) |
Parity | |||||
≤1 | 421 (70.40) | 37 (66.07) | 384 (70.85) | 162 (68.94) | 259 (71.35) |
≥2 | 177 (29.60) | 19 (33.93) | 158 (29.15) | 73 (31.06) | 104 (28.65) |
Educational level | |||||
Junior secondary or below | 315 (52.68) | 38 (67.86) | 277 (51.11) | 123 (52.34) | 192 (52.89) |
Senior high school/technical secondary school | 125 (20.90) | 9 (16.07) | 116 (21.40) | 47 (20.00) | 78 (21.49) |
Junior college/university or above | 158 (26.42) | 9 (16.07) | 149 (27.49) | 65 (27.66) | 93 (25.62) |
Income per month (Yuan) | |||||
<5000 | 357 (59.70) | 37 (66.07) | 320 (59.04) | 128 (54.47) | 229 (63.09) |
5000 to <10,000 | 167 (27.93) | 16 (28.57) | 151 (27.86) | 66 (28.09) | 101 27.82) |
≥10,000 | 74 (12.37) | 3 (5.36) | 71 (13.10) | 41 (17.45) | 33 (9.09) |
Mean (SD) total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1457.96 (565.15) | 1390.86 (487.45) | 1464.89 (572.53) | 1466.96 (583.19) | 1452.13 (553.90) |
Mean (SD) vegetables intake (gram/day) | 217.99 (123.71) | 213.04 (102.80) | 218.50 (125.74) | 212.28 (117.05) | 221.69 (127.86) |
Mean (SD) fruit intake (gram/day) | 197.80 (155.14) | 189.50 (129.85) | 198.66 (157.60) | 205.68 (164.59) | 192.70 (148.71) |
Mean (SD) meat intake (gram/day) | 36.86 (29.96) | 38.42 (26.90) | 36.70 (30.27) | 38.89 (31.82) | 35.55 (28.65) |
Mean (SD) soy food intake (gram/day) | 87.08 (80.63) | 81.65 (65.39) | 87.65 (82.08) | 83.63 (78.69) | 89.32 (81.90) |
Anxiety Symptoms | P Interaction † | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
None (Score <5) | Moderate (Score 5–9) | Severe (Score ≥10) | ||
Depression symptoms | 0.26 | |||
None (score <10) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.64 (0.36–1.15) | 2.23 (0.63–8.39) | |
Moderate (score 10–14) | 1.32 (0.29–5.93) | 3.23 (1.14–9.11) | — | |
Severe (score ≥15) | 2.52 (0.69–9.26) | 2.28 (0.75–6.95) | 1.50 (0.51–4.39) |
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Li, Y.-Z.; Qin, X.; Liu, F.-H.; Chen, W.-X.; Wei, Y.-F.; Wang, N.; Yan, S.; Kang, Y.; Zhao, Y.-H.; Gao, S.; et al. Prediagnosis Depression Rather Than Anxiety Symptoms Is Associated with Decreased Ovarian Cancer Survival: Findings from the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study (OOPS). J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 7394. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247394
Li Y-Z, Qin X, Liu F-H, Chen W-X, Wei Y-F, Wang N, Yan S, Kang Y, Zhao Y-H, Gao S, et al. Prediagnosis Depression Rather Than Anxiety Symptoms Is Associated with Decreased Ovarian Cancer Survival: Findings from the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study (OOPS). Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(24):7394. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247394
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yi-Zi, Xue Qin, Fang-Hua Liu, Wen-Xiao Chen, Yi-Fan Wei, Na Wang, Shi Yan, Ye Kang, Yu-Hong Zhao, Song Gao, and et al. 2022. "Prediagnosis Depression Rather Than Anxiety Symptoms Is Associated with Decreased Ovarian Cancer Survival: Findings from the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study (OOPS)" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 24: 7394. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247394