Features of Masticatory Behaviors in Older Adults with Oral Hypofunction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Survey Items
2.2.1. Poor Oral Hygiene
2.2.2. Oral Dryness
2.2.3. Occlusal Force
2.2.4. Tongue–Lip Motor Function
2.2.5. Maximum Tongue Pressure
2.2.6. Masticatory Performance
2.2.7. Swallowing Function
2.2.8. Masticatory Behaviors
- Number of chews (no.): The total number of chewing cycles during the time to eat 1 rice ball.
- Number of chews per bite (no.): Mean number of chews per bite which is an uptake action.
- Chewing rate (no./min): The number of chews per minutes calculated by dividing by total chewing time.
- Total chewing time (s): The time taken to eat 1 rice ball.
2.3. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Oral Condition and Oral Hypofunction
3.2. Comparison of Masticatory Behaviors in Participants with and without Oral Hypofunction
3.3. Comparison of Masticatory Behaviors by Oral Hypofunction Sub-Symptoms
3.4. Relationship between Masticatory Performance and Number of Chews
4. Discussion
4.1. Measurement of Masticatory Behaviors
4.2. Oral Hypofunction
4.3. The Characteristics of Masticatory Behaviors in Older Adults with Oral Hypofunction (and Its Sub-Symptoms)
4.4. Relationship between Masticatory Behaviors and Masticatory Performance
4.5. Limitations and Future Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All | Male | Female | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 98 | (100) | 33 | (33.7) | 65 | (66.3) | ||
Age (y) | mean (SD) | 74.8 | (6.3) | 74.6 | (6.1) | 75.0 | (6.5) | |
Oral hypofunction | n (%) | 71 | (72.4) | 23 | (69.7) | 48 | (73.8) | |
Height (cm) | mean (SD) | 156.7 | (3.3) | 165.1 | (2.0) | 148.4 | (4.7) | |
Body weight (kg) | mean (SD) | 59.4 | (1.5) | 63.8 | (3.3) | 55.0 | (1.8) | |
Number of remain teeth | mean (SD) | 21.6 | (7.8) | 22.1 | (6.9) | 21.4 | (8.3) | |
Occlusal status | Eichner A | n (%) | 53 | (54.2) | 15 | (45.5) | 38 | (58.5) |
Eichner B | n (%) | 22 | (22.9) | 9 | (27.2) | 13 | (20.0) | |
Eichner C | n (%) | 23 | (22.9) | 9 | (27.2) | 14 | (21.5) | |
N of participants using removal denture | n (%) | 38 | (38.8) | 14 | (42.4) | 24 | (36.9) | |
N of people living together | n (SD) | 2.2 | (1.2) | 2.3 | (1.3) | 2.1 | (1.1) |
n | Number of Chews (Cycles) | Number of Chews Per Bite (Cycles) | Chewing Rate (Cycles/min) | Total Chewing Time (s) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | IQR | P * | Median | IQR | P * | Median | IQR | P * | Median | IQR | P* | |||
Oral hypofunction | Yes | 71 | 240 | (171–280) | 0.975 | 26.5 | (17.2–38.8) | 0.259 | 77.0 | (66.8–85.0) | 0.035 | 173 | (131–216) | 0.477 |
No | 27 | 228 | (160–341) | 29.3 | (19.0–51.0) | 81.0 | (75.0–92.0) | 156 | (121–226) | |||||
Poor oral hygiene | Yes | 91 | 232 | (168–280) | 0.327 | 27.0 | (18.0–44.0) | 0.644 | 78.7 | (70.7–88.0) | 0.200 | 165 | (127–207) | 0.161 |
No | 7 | 262 | (169–313) | 24.0 | (22.0–28.2) | 72.1 | (66.0–81.0) | 210 | (156–258) | |||||
Oral dryness | Yes | 56 | 230 | (161–274) | 0.208 | 27.2 | (18.7–38.5) | 0.892 | 79.5 | (73.3–87.8) | 0.277 | 163 | (128–195) | 0.088 |
No | 42 | 251 | (171–308) | 26.2 | (18.8–45.5) | 75.9 | (65.0–84.5) | 186 | (125–252) | |||||
Reduced occlusal force | Yes | 43 | 234 | (159–281) | 0.747 | 27.0 | (17.2–40.8) | 0.652 | 77.0 | (65.0–85.9) | 0.235 | 170 | (129–216) | 0.836 |
No | 55 | 232 | (171–281) | 26.2 | (19.0–45.0) | 80.0 | (72.0–88.0) | 169 | (126–223) | |||||
Decreased tongue pressure | Yes | 43 | 262 | (180–297) | 0.046 | 27.0 | (21.0–44.0) | 0.506 | 77.9 | (70.7–83.0) | 0.266 | 193 | (151–242) | 0.010 |
No | 55 | 225 | (139–268) | 23.2 | (18.6–40.8) | 80.0 | (68.0–90.5) | 155 | (121–192) | |||||
Decreased tongue-lip motor function | Yes | 55 | 230 | (139–277) | 0.229 | 17.1 | (16.8–43.6) | 0.594 | 75.0 | (66.0–83.0) | 0.003 | 169 | (127–210) | 0.783 |
No | 43 | 234 | (180–316) | 19.0 | (18.7–40.8) | 82.5 | (75.0–90.7) | 164 | (129–223) | |||||
Decreased masticatory function | Yes | 15 | 241 | (180–313) | 0.653 | 25.7 | (19.6–32.4) | 0.531 | 74.3 | (66.0–84.0) | 0.354 | 169 | (131–250) | 0.421 |
No | 83 | 232 | (160–281) | 27.0 | (18.6–44.7) | 79.0 | (70.7–88.0) | 169 | (125–202) | |||||
Deterioration of swallowing function | Yes | 10 | 251 | (218–267) | 0.651 | 29.7 | (22.3–47.4) | 0.439 | 80.5 | (63.7–91.8) | 0.972 | 186 | (154–212) | 0.372 |
No | 88 | 232 | (162–287) | 26.4 | (18.2–39.4) | 78.0 | (71.0–86.2) | 164 | (126–221) |
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Hatayama, C.; Hori, K.; Izuno, H.; Fukuda, M.; Sawada, M.; Ujihashi, T.; Yoshimura, S.; Hori, S.; Togawa, H.; Uehara, F.; et al. Features of Masticatory Behaviors in Older Adults with Oral Hypofunction: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5902. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195902
Hatayama C, Hori K, Izuno H, Fukuda M, Sawada M, Ujihashi T, Yoshimura S, Hori S, Togawa H, Uehara F, et al. Features of Masticatory Behaviors in Older Adults with Oral Hypofunction: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(19):5902. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195902
Chicago/Turabian StyleHatayama, Chikako, Kazuhiro Hori, Hiromi Izuno, Masayo Fukuda, Misao Sawada, Takako Ujihashi, Shogo Yoshimura, Shoko Hori, Hitomi Togawa, Fumiko Uehara, and et al. 2022. "Features of Masticatory Behaviors in Older Adults with Oral Hypofunction: A Cross-Sectional Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19: 5902. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195902