Causes of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Other Than Chronic Pancreatitis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Conditions Associated with EPI
2.1. Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and Other Malignant Pancreatic Diseases
2.2. Pancreatic Resections
2.3. Obstruction of the Pancreatic Duct
2.4. Cystic Fibrosis
2.5. Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Children
2.5.1. Shwachman–Diamond Syndrome
2.5.2. Chronic Pancreatitis
2.5.3. Johanson–Blizzard Syndrome
2.5.4. Pearson Syndrome
2.5.5. Other Causes
3. Poorly Clarified Mechanisms Associated with EPI
3.1. Diabetes Mellitus
3.2. Celiac Disease
3.3. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
3.4. Gastrointestinal Surgeries Other Than Pancreatic Resections
3.5. Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome
3.6. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease
3.7. Age
3.8. Relationship between Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion and Intestinal Microbiota, Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Obvious association with EPI |
Chronic pancreatitis (most common) |
Pancreatic cancer |
Pancreatic resections |
Obstruction of the pancreatic duct (periampullary tumors) |
Cystic fibrosis |
Rare inherited syndromes (Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, etc.) |
Not fully clarified mechanisms associated with EPI |
Diabetes mellitus |
Celiac disease |
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis) |
Gastrointestinal surgeries other than pancreatic resection (e.g., gastric resection) |
Zollinger–Ellison syndrome |
Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease |
Age |
Composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiome, SIBO |
Cystic fibrosis (most common) |
Shwachman–Diamond syndrome |
Chronic pancreatitis |
Johanson–Blizzard syndrome |
Pearson syndrome |
Jeune syndrome |
Pancreatic hypoplasia |
Pancreatic aplasia |
Isolated enzyme deficiencies |
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Kunovský, L.; Dítě, P.; Jabandžiev, P.; Eid, M.; Poredská, K.; Vaculová, J.; Sochorová, D.; Janeček, P.; Tesaříková, P.; Blaho, M.; et al. Causes of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Other Than Chronic Pancreatitis. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 5779. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245779
Kunovský L, Dítě P, Jabandžiev P, Eid M, Poredská K, Vaculová J, Sochorová D, Janeček P, Tesaříková P, Blaho M, et al. Causes of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Other Than Chronic Pancreatitis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(24):5779. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245779
Chicago/Turabian StyleKunovský, Lumír, Petr Dítě, Petr Jabandžiev, Michal Eid, Karolina Poredská, Jitka Vaculová, Dana Sochorová, Pavel Janeček, Pavla Tesaříková, Martin Blaho, and et al. 2021. "Causes of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Other Than Chronic Pancreatitis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 24: 5779. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245779