Achalasia in the Elderly: Diagnostic Approach and a Proposed Treatment Algorithm Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Diagnostic Approach to Esophageal Dysphagia and Achalasia in the Elderly
2. Treatment Options
2.1. Endoscopic Treatment
2.1.1. Botulinum Toxin
2.1.2. Pneumatic Dilation
2.1.3. Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)
3. Surgical Treatment
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy in Elderly Patients
4. Conclusions and a Proposed Approach
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
LES | Lower esophageal sphincter |
EGJ | Esophago-gastric junction |
EGJOO | Esophago-gastric outflow obstruction |
HRM | High-resolution manometry |
POEM | Per oral endoscopic myotomy |
EoE | Eosinophilic esophagitis |
EGD | Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy |
LHM | Laparoscopic Heller myotomy |
RDC | Rapid drinking challenge |
MRS | Multiple rapid swallows |
TBS | Timed barium swallow |
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Mari, A.; Sbeit, W.; Abboud, W.; Awadie, H.; Khoury, T. Achalasia in the Elderly: Diagnostic Approach and a Proposed Treatment Algorithm Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 5565. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235565
Mari A, Sbeit W, Abboud W, Awadie H, Khoury T. Achalasia in the Elderly: Diagnostic Approach and a Proposed Treatment Algorithm Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(23):5565. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235565
Chicago/Turabian StyleMari, Amir, Wisam Sbeit, Wisam Abboud, Halim Awadie, and Tawfik Khoury. 2021. "Achalasia in the Elderly: Diagnostic Approach and a Proposed Treatment Algorithm Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 23: 5565. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235565