pH and Design on n–Alkyl Alcohol Bulk Liquid Membranes for Improving Phenol Derivative Transport and Separation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Design of the Experimental Installation
2.2.2. Transport and Separation Experiments of the Phenol Derivatives
2.3. Equipment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Brief Argument for Choosing the pH of Aqueous Phases for the Membrane Transport of Weakly Acidic Phenolic Chemical Species
3.2. Transport of p-Nitrophenol in the Free-Rotating Spherical Membrane System
3.2.1. The Influence of the Source Phase pH and of the Nature of the Membrane
3.2.2. Influence of the Nature of the Material for Making Contact Spheres
3.2.3. Influence of Sodium Chloride Concentration on p–Nitrophenol Extraction Efficiency
3.3. The Transport and Separation of the Phenol Derivatives
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phenol Derivative (Ar-OH) | Name and Symbol | Molar Mass (g/mol) | Absorbance λ (nm) | Solubility in Water (g/L) | pKa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ar-OH | Ar-O– | |||||
2,4–dinitro phenol (DNP) | 185.106 | 358 | 361 | 17.0 | 4.11 | |
4–nitrophenol (NP) | 139.110 | 317 | 404 | 18.1 | 7.01 | |
2,4–dichloro phenol (DCP) | 161.964 | 208 | 284 | 4.5 | 7.89 | |
n–octanol (nO) | 130.230 | 197 | 0.300 | 15.21 | ||
n–decanol (nD) | 158.280 | 192 | 0.037 | 16.84 |
Sphere Material | Steel (St) | Copper (Cu) | Glass (Gl) |
---|---|---|---|
Contact angle (θ°) | 83 ± 2 | 58 ± 2 | 36 ± 2 |
Atom ratio (Fe/O, Cu/O, and Si/O) | 1:1.12 | 1:1.47 | 1:4.22 |
Liquid Membrane Module | Bulk or Supported [31,40,41,42,43,44] | Drop by Drop | Free Rotating Spheres |
---|---|---|---|
Flow (J) (mol/(m2 s)) | (1–100) 10−11 | (2.1–5.8) 10−8 | (5.3–10.6) 10−8 |
NaCl (%) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EE (%) | 83 ± 3 | 86 ± 3 | 90 ± 3 | 93 ± 3 | 95 ± 3 |
pH Source Phase | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EE (%) | DNP | 91 ± 3 | 49 ± 3 | 48 ± 3 | 47 ± 3 |
DCP | 93 ± 3 | 86 ± 3 | 61 ± 3 | 49 ± 3 |
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Albu, P.C.; Tanczos, S.-K.; Ferencz, A.; Pîrțac, A.; Grosu, A.R.; Pașcu, D.; Grosu, V.-A.; Bungău, C.; Nechifor, A.C. pH and Design on n–Alkyl Alcohol Bulk Liquid Membranes for Improving Phenol Derivative Transport and Separation. Membranes 2022, 12, 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040365
Albu PC, Tanczos S-K, Ferencz A, Pîrțac A, Grosu AR, Pașcu D, Grosu V-A, Bungău C, Nechifor AC. pH and Design on n–Alkyl Alcohol Bulk Liquid Membranes for Improving Phenol Derivative Transport and Separation. Membranes. 2022; 12(4):365. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040365
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbu, Paul Constantin, Szidonia-Katalin Tanczos, Andreea Ferencz (Dinu), Andreia Pîrțac, Alexandra Raluca Grosu, Dumitru Pașcu, Vlad-Alexandru Grosu, Constantin Bungău, and Aurelia Cristina Nechifor. 2022. "pH and Design on n–Alkyl Alcohol Bulk Liquid Membranes for Improving Phenol Derivative Transport and Separation" Membranes 12, no. 4: 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040365