Uptake of Non-Mandatory Vaccinations in Future Physicians in Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Population
2.2. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biological Agent | Law | Status |
---|---|---|
smallpox | Law 22 December 1888, N. 5849 [1] | suspended in 1977 |
Royal Decree 27 July 1934, N. 1265 [2] | revoked in 1981 | |
typhus | Decree of the Head of Government 2 December 1926 [3] Mandatory for kitchen staff, water supply services, milk collection and distribution services, hospital laundry, cleaning and disinfection services, recruits | abolished December 27, 1997 revoked 23 January 2000 |
diphtheria | Law 6 June 1939, N. 891 [4] | valid |
tetanus | Law 5 March 1963, N. 292 [5] for all children in the second year of life and Mandatory for agricultural workers, shepherds, ranchers, grooms, jockeys, tanners, overseers and persons in charge of preparing the racetrack tracks, street sweepers, roadmen, roadsters, excavators, miners, bakers, construction workers and unskilled workers, railway workers and unskilled workers, asphalt planners, rag vendors, garbage handling workers, paper and cardboard manufacturing workers, wood workers, metallurgists and metalworkers. The vaccine is mandatory for all new recruits. The Ministry of Health is authorised to extend, with its own decree, the obligation of vaccination to other categories of workers, after consulting the Superior Health Council | valid |
poliomyelitis | Law 4 February 1966, N. 51 [6] | valid |
tuberculosis | Law 14 December 1970, N. 1088 [10] Mandatory for medical students enrolled from 1970 to 2001 | suspended after 2001 |
hepatitis B | Law 27 May 1991, N. 165 [7] for all newborns (since 3rd month of age and adolescents in the 12th year of age) | valid |
pertussis, varicella, rubella, mumps, measles and Hib | Legislative Decree 7 June 2017, N. 73 [8] For newborns and adolescents 0–16 years | valid |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) | Law Decree 1 April 2021, N. 44 [9] Mandatory for those who work in health professions and health professionals who carry out their activities in public and private health, social and social welfare structures, pharmacies, parapharmacies and professional offices | valid |
Vaccines | Year of Implementation | Doses (Basic Cycle) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Pertussis | Whole cell 1962, acellular 1995 [11] | 5 | Mandatory |
Rubella * | 1972 [12] ** | 2 | Mandatory |
Mumps * | 1982 [13] | 2 | Mandatory |
Measles * | 1979 [14] | 2 | Mandatory |
Hib | 1999 [15] | 3 | Mandatory |
Varicella | 2001 | 2 | Mandatory |
Pneumococcus | 2001 [16] | 3 | Suggested and free of charge |
Men C | 2005 | 3 | Suggested and free of charge |
Men B | 2013 | 2 | Suggested and free of charge |
Rotavirus | 2006 | 2/3 | Suggested and free of charge |
Vaccine | All N. | Vaccinated | % | Males N. | Vaccinated | % | Females N. | Vaccinated | % | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pertussis | 4706 | 4169 | 88.6 | 2074 | 1853 | 89.3 | 2632 | 2316 | 88.0 | =0.1614 |
Rubella | 4706 | 4228 | 89.8 | 2074 | 1758 | 84.8 | 2632 | 2470 | 93.8 | <0.0001 |
Mumps | 4706 | 3910 | 83.1 | 2074 | 1771 | 85.4 | 2632 | 2139 | 81.3 | =0.0002 |
Measles | 4706 | 4401 | 93.5 | 2074 | 1938 | 93.4 | 2632 | 2463 | 93.6 | =0.8973 |
Varicella | 4706 | 214 | 4.5 | 2074 | 93 | 4.5 | 2632 | 121 | 4.6 | =0.9088 |
Hib | 4706 | 1408 | 29.9 | 2074 | 622 | 30.0 | 2632 | 786 | 29.9 | =0.9502 |
Pneumococcus | 4706 | 80 | 1.7 | 2074 | 37 | 1.8 | 2632 | 43 | 1.6 | =0.7777 |
Men C | 4706 | 2550 | 54.2 | 2074 | 1176 | 56.7 | 2632 | 1374 | 52.2 | =0.0023 |
Men B | 4706 | 188 | 4.0 | 2074 | 65 | 3.1 | 2632 | 123 | 4.7 | =0.0093 |
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Bertoncello, C.; Nicolli, A.; Maso, S.; Fonzo, M.; Crivellaro, M.; Mason, P.; Trevisan, A. Uptake of Non-Mandatory Vaccinations in Future Physicians in Italy. Vaccines 2021, 9, 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091035
Bertoncello C, Nicolli A, Maso S, Fonzo M, Crivellaro M, Mason P, Trevisan A. Uptake of Non-Mandatory Vaccinations in Future Physicians in Italy. Vaccines. 2021; 9(9):1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091035
Chicago/Turabian StyleBertoncello, Chiara, Annamaria Nicolli, Stefano Maso, Marco Fonzo, Mariaangiola Crivellaro, Paola Mason, and Andrea Trevisan. 2021. "Uptake of Non-Mandatory Vaccinations in Future Physicians in Italy" Vaccines 9, no. 9: 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091035