Cardiorespiratory Events Following the Second Routine Immunization in Preterm Infants: Risk Assessment and Monitoring Recommendations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Recruitment
2.2. Data Acquisition and Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analyses
2.4. Ethics
3. Results
CREs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Characteristics | Total n = 71 |
---|---|
GA at birth in weeks (median (range)) | 26.4 (22.7–30.9) |
Birth weight in grams (median (range)) | 820 (480–1460) |
Age at 2nd rIM in days (median (range)) | 94 (85–121) |
GA at 2nd rIM in weeks (median (range)) | 40.0 (36.3–44.7) |
Weight at 2nd rIM in grams (median (range)) | 2900 (1890–4080) |
Analeptic treatment at 1st rIM (n (%)) | 49 (69.0) |
Respiratory support at 1st rIM (n (%)) | 47 (66.2) |
Respiratory support at 2nd rIM (n (%)) | 28 (39.4) |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, moderate or severe (n (%)) | 22 (31.0) |
Intraventricular hemorrhage, >grade 2 (n (%)) | 10 (14.1) |
6 h Pre-Immunization n = 68 | 0–24 h Post-Immunization n = 71 | 24–48 h Post-Immunization n = 71 | p Value Pre- vs. Post-Immunization a | p Value 0–24 vs. 24–48 h Post-Immunization b | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bradycardias | |||||
Number of infants, n (%) | 16 (23.5) | 38 (53.5) | 34 (47.9) | <0.0001 | n.s. |
Number per hour, mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.15 (0.4) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1023 | n.s. |
Lowest HR (bpm), mean (SD) | 68 (10) | 65 (10) | 64 (11) | 0.4185 | n.s. |
Maximum duration (seconds), mean (SD) | 6.1 (5.1) | 12.4 (28.5) | 10.3 (9.9) | 0.5737 | n.s. |
Hypoxemias | |||||
Number of infants, n (%) | 49 (72.1) | 67 (94.4) | 61 (85.9) | 0.0002 | n.s. |
Number per hour, mean (SD) | 1.6 (3.1) | 4.0 (7.8) | 1.7 (3.1) | <0.0001 | 0.0004 |
Lowest SpO2 (%), mean (SD) | 64 (15) | 52 (21) | 57 (16) | 0.0023 | n.s. |
Maximum duration (seconds), mean (SD) | 18.5 (30.4) | 33.5 (65.1) | 21.3 (21.6) | 0.1506 | n.s. |
Apneas | |||||
Number of infants, n (%) | 18 (26.5) | 44 (62.0) | 32 (45.1) | <0.0001 | 0.0320 |
Number per hour, mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.0030 | 0.0076 |
Maximum duration (seconds), mean (SD) | 10.9 (1.9) | 14.6 (7.3) | 13.5 (6.0) | 0.1124 | n.s. |
CRE-ts | |||||
Number of infants, n (%) | 3 (4.4) | 21 (29.6) | 12 (16.9) | <0.0001 | 0.0280 |
Number per hour, mean (SD) | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.0034 | 0.0222 |
6 h Pre-Immunization | 0–24 h Post-Immunization | 24–48 h Post-Immunization | |
---|---|---|---|
Bradycardias | |||
Number of infants, n | 16 | 38 | 34 |
Number per hour, mean (SD) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.3) |
Hypoxemias | |||
Number of infants, n | 49 | 67 | 61 |
Number per hour, mean (SD) | 2.3 (3.5) | 4.1 (7.8) | 1.9 (3.2) |
Apneas | |||
Number of infants, n | 18 | 44 | 32 |
Number per hour, mean (SD) | 0.4 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.2 (0.3) |
CRE-ts | |||
Number of infants, n | 3 | 21 | 12 |
Number per hour, mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.04) |
Infants without CRE-ts n = 46 | Infants with CRE-ts n = 25 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
GA at birth in weeks (median (range)) | 27.1 (23.6–30.9) | 25.4 (22.7–29.3) | 0.0024a |
Birth weight in grams (median (range)) | 927.5 (480–1460) | 690 (520–1235) | 0.0022a |
Age at 2nd rIM in days (median (range)) | 94 (88–121) | 94 (85–96) | 0.4483 b |
GA at 2nd rIM in weeks (median (range)) | 40.9 (36.7–44.7) | 38.3 (36.3–42.6) | 0.0002a |
Weight at 2nd rIM in grams (median (range)) | 3080 (1890–4080) | 2680 (2035–3770) | 0.0026a |
Analeptic treatment at 1st rIM (n (%)) | 26 (56.5) | 23 (92.0) | 0.0022b |
Respiratory support at 1st rIM (n (%)) | 25 (54.3) | 22 (88.0) | 0.0046b |
Respiratory support at 2nd rIM (n (%)) | 10 (21.7) | 18 (72.0) | <0.0001b |
Discharge home and readmission for 2nd rIM (n (%)) | 21 (45.7) | 2 (8.0) | 0.0013b |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, moderate or severe (n (%)) | 12 (26.1) | 10 (40.0) | 0.2322 b |
Intraventricular hemorrhage, >grade 2 (n (%)) | 4 (8.7) | 6 (24.0) | 0.0804 b |
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Bohnhorst, B.; Weidlich, C.; Peter, C.; Böhne, C.; Kattner, E.; Pirr, S. Cardiorespiratory Events Following the Second Routine Immunization in Preterm Infants: Risk Assessment and Monitoring Recommendations. Vaccines 2021, 9, 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080909
Bohnhorst B, Weidlich C, Peter C, Böhne C, Kattner E, Pirr S. Cardiorespiratory Events Following the Second Routine Immunization in Preterm Infants: Risk Assessment and Monitoring Recommendations. Vaccines. 2021; 9(8):909. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080909
Chicago/Turabian StyleBohnhorst, Bettina, Cornelia Weidlich, Corinna Peter, Carolin Böhne, Evelyn Kattner, and Sabine Pirr. 2021. "Cardiorespiratory Events Following the Second Routine Immunization in Preterm Infants: Risk Assessment and Monitoring Recommendations" Vaccines 9, no. 8: 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080909
APA StyleBohnhorst, B., Weidlich, C., Peter, C., Böhne, C., Kattner, E., & Pirr, S. (2021). Cardiorespiratory Events Following the Second Routine Immunization in Preterm Infants: Risk Assessment and Monitoring Recommendations. Vaccines, 9(8), 909. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080909