Ethics of Vaccination in Childhood—A Framework Based on the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Respect for Autonomy
2.1. Decision Making Capacity
2.2. Disclosure of Information and Adequate Understanding
2.3. Voluntariness
2.4. Conscientious Objection of Parents and Medical Personnel
3. Nonmaleficence
3.1. Adverse Events
3.2. Contraindications for Immunisation
3.3. Vaccine Development
4. Beneficence
From Individual’s to Public Health Benefit of Vaccination
5. Justice
5.1. Need to Define Herd Immunity as a Common Good
5.2. Ethical Justification of Obligatory Medical Procedure
5.3. State’s Responsibility and Policies
6. The Four Principles Practical Application: Two Clinical Vignettes
6.1. Clinical Vignette #1
6.2. Clinical Vignette #2
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY | NONMALEFICENCE |
Respect for patient’s or parent’s will. | First, do no harm. |
Of physicians—to treat children whose parents refuse vaccination. |
|
BENEFICENCE | JUSTICE |
What is patient’s and society’s best interest? | Just distribution of benefits, risks and burdens. |
|
|
ETHICAL EQUILIBRIUM
|
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Rus, M.; Groselj, U. Ethics of Vaccination in Childhood—A Framework Based on the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Vaccines 2021, 9, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020113
Rus M, Groselj U. Ethics of Vaccination in Childhood—A Framework Based on the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Vaccines. 2021; 9(2):113. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020113
Chicago/Turabian StyleRus, Meta, and Urh Groselj. 2021. "Ethics of Vaccination in Childhood—A Framework Based on the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics" Vaccines 9, no. 2: 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020113