Vaccinations and Chronic Diseases: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reported Adherence among Patients in Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey Design
2.2. Survey Instrument
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Socio-Demographic and Anamnestic Characteristics
3.2. Knowledge of Recommended Vaccinations
3.3. Attitudes towards VPDs and Recommended Vaccinations
3.4. Self-Reported Behaviors about the Recommended Vaccinations
3.5. Sources of Information
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | N | % |
---|---|---|
Age, years | 60.1 ± 16.1 (18–90) * | |
Gender | ||
Male | 190 | 45.9 |
Female | 224 | 54.1 |
Marital status | ||
Married | 320 | 77.3 |
Other | 94 | 22.7 |
Employment status | ||
Unemployed | 179 | 43.2 |
Employed | 208 | 50.3 |
Healthcare worker | 27 | 6.5 |
Educational level | ||
None or primary school | 110 | 26.6 |
Middle school | 133 | 32.1 |
High school | 122 | 29.5 |
College degree or higher | 49 | 11.8 |
Underlying chronic diseases | ||
Kidney | 110 | 26.6 |
Diabetes | 99 | 23.9 |
Cardiovascular or pulmonary | 81 | 19.6 |
Cancer | 78 | 18.8 |
Liver | 46 | 11.1 |
Self-rated health status | 6.4 ± 2.1 (1–10) * |
Variable | OR | SE | 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1. Knowledge that influenza vaccine is recommended for patients with chronic diseases | ||||
Log likelihood = −184.31, χ2 = 74.94 (9 df), p < 0.0001 | ||||
HCWs | 11.22 | 5.48 | 4.31–29.24 | <0.001 |
Sources of information | ||||
None | 1 * | |||
Physicians | 3.88 | 1.43 | 1.88–8.01 | <0.001 |
Internet | 4.92 | 2.93 | 1.53–15.81 | 0.007 |
Friends/relatives | 3.55 | 1.79 | 1.31–9.58 | 0.012 |
Need of additional information | 2.12 | 0.58 | 1.24–3.62 | 0.006 |
Underlying chronic diseases | ||||
Cardiovascular or pulmonary | 1 * | |||
Diabetes | 2.94 | 0.92 | 1.59–5.43 | 0.001 |
Cancer | 1.67 | 0.59 | 0.84–3.32 | 0.144 |
Older | 1.01 | 0.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.144 |
Males | 0.76 | 0.2 | 0.49–1.27 | 0.294 |
Model 2. Positive attitude towards the usefulness of the recommended vaccinations | ||||
Log likelihood = −181.2, χ2 = 175.02 (13 df), p < 0.0001 | ||||
Need of additional information | 7.89 | 2.85 | 3.89–16.01 | <0.001 |
Sources of information | ||||
None | 1 * | |||
Mass media | 5.5 | 2.38 | 2.36–12.85 | <0.001 |
Physicians | 1.98 | 0.72 | 0.97–4.06 | 0.061 |
Internet | 2.01 | 1.26 | 0.59–6.88 | 0.266 |
Belief that the VPDs are dangerous for them | 1.3 | 0.08 | 1.15–1.47 | <0.001 |
Knowledge that the recommended vaccinations are safe for patients with chronic diseases as well as for healthy subjects | 3.69 | 1.19 | 1.96–6.96 | <0.001 |
Belief that vaccinations can cause an exacerbation of their disease | 0.37 | 0.13 | 0.19–0.72 | 0.004 |
Males | 0.57 | 0.15 | 0.34–0.97 | 0.039 |
Underlying chronic diseases | ||||
Cardiovascular or pulmonary | 1 * | |||
Diabetes | 0.65 | 0.21 | 0.34–1.22 | 0.180 |
Cancer | 0.71 | 0.24 | 0.37–1.37 | 0.304 |
Knowledge that patients with chronic diseases are at greater risk of complications from VPDs | 1.51 | 0.47 | 0.82–2.79 | 0.189 |
College degree or higher education level | 1.56 | 0.75 | 0.6–4.02 | 0.359 |
Model 3. Positive attitude toward willingness to receive the recommended vaccinations | ||||
Log likelihood = −80.1, χ2 = 54.06 (8 df), p < 0.0001 | ||||
Sources of information | ||||
None | 1 * | |||
Physicians | 9.35 | 7.51 | 1.93–45.17 | 0.005 |
Mass Media | 4.71 | 3.95 | 0.91–24.43 | 0.065 |
Friends/relatives | 3.17 | 3.04 | 0.48–20.79 | 0.228 |
Being worried about the vaccines’ side effects | 0.73 | 0.86 | 0.58–0.92 | 0.007 |
College degree or higher education level | 9.17 | 7.96 | 1.67–50.31 | 0.011 |
Belief that vaccinations can cause an exacerbation of their disease | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.07–0.75 | 0.015 |
Knowledge that patients with chronic diseases are at greater risk of complications from VPDs | 2.74 | 1.33 | 1.06–7.11 | 0.038 |
Need of additional information | 2.36 | 1.19 | 0.87–6.35 | 0.09 |
Model 4. Having received at least one recommended vaccination | ||||
Log likelihood = −212.82, χ2 = 123.89 (11 df), p < 0.0001 | ||||
Being worried about the side effects of the vaccines | 0.65 | 1.05 | 0.57–0.75 | <0.001 |
Belief that the VPDs are dangerous for them | 1.21 | 0.07 | 1.07–1.36 | 0.003 |
Need of additional information | 2.31 | 0.66 | 1.32–4.06 | 0.003 |
Sources of information | ||||
None | 1 * | |||
Physicians | 2.22 | 0.62 | 1.29–3.83 | 0.004 |
Friends/relatives | 1.72 | 0.73 | 0.75–3.93 | 0.201 |
Internet | 1.97 | 1.11 | 0.65–5.95 | 0.229 |
Underlying chronic diseases | ||||
Cardiovascular or pulmonary | 1 * | |||
Kidney | 0.46 | 0.13 | 0.26–0.88 | 0.007 |
Married | 0.44 | 0.15 | 0.22–0.87 | 0.02 |
HCWs | 0.48 | 0.26 | 0.17–1.37 | 0.172 |
Knowledge that the recommended vaccinations are safe for patients with chronic diseases as well as for healthy subjects | 1.41 | 0.4 | 0.81–2.47 | 0.228 |
Males | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.49–1.3 | 0.378 |
Recommended Vaccination | Diabetes (n = 46) | Kidney (n = 78) | Chronic Hepatitis (n = 81) | Cardiovascular or Pulmonary (n = 99) | Cancer (n = 110) | Total of Eligible Patients Vaccinated | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
At least one vaccination | 31 | 67.4 | 53 | 67.9 | 65 | 80.2 | 60 | 60.6 | 32 | 29.1 | 241 | 58.2 |
Seasonal influenza | 23 | 50 | 46 | 59 | 49 | 60.5 | 53 | 53.5 | 30 | 27.3 | 201 | 48.5 |
Hepatitis B | - | - | 3 | 3.8 | 16 | 19.8 | - | - | - | - | 19 | 11.9 |
Pneumococcal | 11 | 23.9 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 7.4 | 10 | 10.1 | 5 | 4.5 | 39 | 9.4 |
Hepatitis A | - | - | - | - | 7 | 8.7 | - | - | - | - | 7 | 8.7 |
Varicella | 4 | 8.7 | 1 | 1.3 | 3 | 3.7 | - | - | - | - | 8 | 3.9 |
Measles/Mumps/Rubella | 2 | 4.3 | 1 | 1.3 | 1 | 1.2 | - | - | - | - | 4 | 1.9 |
Meningococcal | 2 | 0.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 0.5 |
Herpes zoster | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Haemophilus influenzae type b | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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Napolitano, F.; Della Polla, G.; Capano, M.S.; Augimeri, M.; Angelillo, I.F. Vaccinations and Chronic Diseases: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reported Adherence among Patients in Italy. Vaccines 2020, 8, 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040560
Napolitano F, Della Polla G, Capano MS, Augimeri M, Angelillo IF. Vaccinations and Chronic Diseases: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reported Adherence among Patients in Italy. Vaccines. 2020; 8(4):560. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040560
Chicago/Turabian StyleNapolitano, Francesco, Giorgia Della Polla, Maria Simona Capano, Michela Augimeri, and Italo Francesco Angelillo. 2020. "Vaccinations and Chronic Diseases: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reported Adherence among Patients in Italy" Vaccines 8, no. 4: 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040560
APA StyleNapolitano, F., Della Polla, G., Capano, M. S., Augimeri, M., & Angelillo, I. F. (2020). Vaccinations and Chronic Diseases: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reported Adherence among Patients in Italy. Vaccines, 8(4), 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040560