Behavioral Differences in the Preference for Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling and Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Behavioral Factors
2.4. Control Variables
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Respondent Characteristics
3.2. General Preference for HBV Vaccine
3.3. Behavioral Factors’ Differences in Preference for Vaccine
3.4. Change in the Probability of Participation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Attributes | Levels |
---|---|
Risk of serious side-effects | 1/50,000; 1/100,000; 1/150,000 |
Protection duration (years) | 5; 10; 20 |
Protection rate against HBV (%) | 79; 89; 99 |
Out-of-pocket cost (RMB) | 0; 30; 60; 90 |
Characteristics | All Sample (N = 353) |
---|---|
Socioeconomic factors | |
Sex | |
Female | 164 (46.5) |
Male | 189 (53.5) |
Age group | |
Under 40 | 213 (60.3) |
41+ | 140 (39.7) |
Education level | |
Low education | 131 (37.1) |
High education | 222 (62.9) |
RMB income group (monthly) | |
≤2000 | 145 (41.1) |
2001+ | 208 (58.9) |
Health status | |
Poor | 153 (43.3) |
Good | 200 (56.7) |
Perceived risk of HBV infection | |
Low | 185 (52.4) |
High | 168 (47.6) |
Perceived severity of HBV | |
Low | 126 (35.7) |
Moderate | 92 (26.1) |
High | 135 (38.2) |
Behavioral factors | |
Risk aversion | |
Higher | 193 (53.82) |
Lower | 163 (46.18) |
Time discount rate | |
Higher | 171 (48.44) |
Lower | 182 (51.56) |
Overconfidence | |
Yes | 98 (27.76) |
No | 255 (72.24) |
Model 1 | Model 2 | |
---|---|---|
Constant | 7.558(0.830) *** | 6.990(1.467) *** |
Attribute | ||
Out-of-pocket cost | −0.010(0.003) *** | −0.010(0.003) *** |
Risk of side-effects (ref. = 1/50,000) | ||
1/100,000 | 0.215(0.096) * | 0.226(0.097) * |
1/150,000 | 0.418(0.097) *** | 0.415(0.092) *** |
Protection duration (ref. = 5 years) | ||
10 years | 0.109(0.096) | 0.110(0.095) |
20 years | 0.456(0.095) *** | 0.439(0.092) *** |
Protection rate (ref. = 79%) | ||
89% | 0.363(0.096) *** | 0.365(0.094) *** |
99% | 0.993(0.107) *** | 0.977(0.103) *** |
Socioeconomic factors | ||
Neither × Male | 0.311(0.668) | |
Neither × Age 40+ | −3.079(0.799) *** | |
Neither × High education | 0.290(0.822) | |
Neither × Income 2000 RMB+ | 0.344(0.892) | |
Neither × Good health status | −0.235(0.511) | |
Neither × High risk of infection | −1.070(0.580) | |
Neither × Perceived moderate severity | −0.229(0.695) | |
Neither × Perceived high severity | −1.738(0.656) ** | |
Behavioral factors | ||
Neither × Lower risk aversion | 2.049(0.497) *** | |
Neither × Lower time discount rate | −1.185(0.594) * | |
Neither × Non-overconfidence degree | −1.166(0.558) * |
Model 3 Lower Risk Aversion | Model 4 Lower Time Discount Rate | Model 5 Non-Overconfidence | |
---|---|---|---|
Constant | 7.870 (0.940) *** | 6.976 (0.915) *** | 6.597 (0.684) *** |
Attribute | |||
Out-of-pocket cost | −0.011 (0.004) ** | −0.010 (0.004) ** | −0.024 (0.006) *** |
Risk of side-effects (ref. = 1/50,000) | |||
1/100,000 | 0.030 (0.139) | 0.114 (0.118) | 0.098 (0.168) |
1/150,000 | 0.202 (0.127) | 0.341 (0.118) ** | 0.347 (0.172) * |
Protection duration (ref. = 5 years) | |||
10 years | 0.240 (0.129) | 0.127 (0.120) | 0.147 (0.174) |
20 years | 0.443 (0.126) *** | 0.258 (0.116) * | 0.298 (0.168) |
Protection rate (ref. = 79%) | |||
89% | 0.267 (0.130) * | 0.315 (0.121) ** | 0.114 (0.177) |
99% | 0.916 (0.142) *** | 0.859 (0.133) *** | 0.547 (0.184) ** |
Interaction terms | |||
Out-of-pocket cost × covariate | −0.001 (0.005) | 0.000 (0.005) | 0.018 (0.006) ** |
Risk of side-effects (ref. = 1/50,000) | |||
1/100,000 × covariate | 0.433 (0.208) * | 0.143 (0.182) | 0.136 (0.209) |
1/150,000 × covariate | 0.598 (0.198) ** | 0.131 (0.192) | 0.121 (0.211) |
Protection duration (ref. = 5 years) | |||
10 years × covariate | −0.319 (0.198) | −0.009 (0.181) | −0.029 (0.211) |
20 years × covariate | 0.054 (0.191) | 0.413 (0.176) * | 0.283 (0.204) |
Protection rate (ref. = 79%) | |||
89% × covariate | 0.220 (0.197) | 0.059 (0.181) | 0.343 (0.213) |
99% × covariate | 0.218 (0.204) | 0.177 (0.192) | 0.669 (0.227) ** |
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Share and Cite
Guo, N.; Wang, J.; Nicholas, S.; Maitland, E.; Zhu, D. Behavioral Differences in the Preference for Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Vaccines 2020, 8, 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030527
Guo N, Wang J, Nicholas S, Maitland E, Zhu D. Behavioral Differences in the Preference for Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Vaccines. 2020; 8(3):527. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030527
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Na, Jian Wang, Stephen Nicholas, Elizabeth Maitland, and Dawei Zhu. 2020. "Behavioral Differences in the Preference for Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination: A Discrete Choice Experiment" Vaccines 8, no. 3: 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030527
APA StyleGuo, N., Wang, J., Nicholas, S., Maitland, E., & Zhu, D. (2020). Behavioral Differences in the Preference for Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Vaccines, 8(3), 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030527