Influenza A Virus Vaccination: Immunity, Protection, and Recent Advances Toward A Universal Vaccine
1
Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
2
Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2020, 8(3), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030434
Received: 11 June 2020
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Revised: 28 July 2020
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Accepted: 31 July 2020
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Published: 3 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Cross-Protective Vaccines)
Influenza virus infections represent a serious public health threat and account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide due to seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics. Despite being an important countermeasure to combat influenza virus and being highly efficacious when matched to circulating influenza viruses, current preventative strategies of vaccination against influenza virus often provide incomplete protection due the continuous antigenic drift/shift of circulating strains of influenza virus. Prevention and control of influenza virus infection with vaccines is dependent on the host immune response induced by vaccination and the various vaccine platforms induce different components of the local and systemic immune response. This review focuses on the immune basis of current (inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV)) as well as novel vaccine platforms against influenza virus. Particular emphasis will be placed on how each platform induces cross-protection against heterologous influenza viruses, as well as how this immunity compares to and contrasts from the “gold standard” of immunity generated by natural influenza virus infection.
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Keywords:
influenza virus; vaccine; adaptive immunity; T cells; antibody
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lopez, C.E.; Legge, K.L. Influenza A Virus Vaccination: Immunity, Protection, and Recent Advances Toward A Universal Vaccine. Vaccines 2020, 8, 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030434
AMA Style
Lopez CE, Legge KL. Influenza A Virus Vaccination: Immunity, Protection, and Recent Advances Toward A Universal Vaccine. Vaccines. 2020; 8(3):434. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030434
Chicago/Turabian StyleLopez, Christopher E., and Kevin L. Legge. 2020. "Influenza A Virus Vaccination: Immunity, Protection, and Recent Advances Toward A Universal Vaccine" Vaccines 8, no. 3: 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030434
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