“Gnothi Seauton”: Leveraging the Host Response to Improve Influenza Virus Vaccine Efficacy
Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally.
Vaccines 2018, 6(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6020023
Received: 2 March 2018
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Revised: 9 April 2018
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Accepted: 10 April 2018
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Published: 12 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Influenza Virus Vaccines—Perspectives from the young investigators' point of view)
Vaccination against the seasonal influenza virus is the best way to prevent infection. Nevertheless, vaccine efficacy remains far from optimal especially in high-risk populations such as the elderly. Recent technological advancements have facilitated rapid and precise identification of the B and T cell epitopes that are targets for protective responses. While these discoveries have undoubtedly brought the field closer to “universal” influenza virus vaccines, choosing the correct antigen is only one piece of the equation. Achieving efficacy and durability requires a detailed understanding of the diverse host factors and pathways that are required for attaining optimal responses. Sequencing technologies, systems biology, and immunological studies have recently advanced our understanding of the diverse aspects of the host response required for vaccine efficacy. In this paper, we review the critical role of the host response in determining efficacious responses and discuss the gaps in knowledge that will need to be addressed if the field is to be successful in developing new and more effective influenza virus vaccines.
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Keywords:
influenza virus; vaccines; host factors; systems biology; polymorphisms; dendritic cells; adjuvants; innate immunity; adaptive immunity
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MDPI and ACS Style
Stacey, H.D.; Barjesteh, N.; Mapletoft, J.P.; Miller, M.S. “Gnothi Seauton”: Leveraging the Host Response to Improve Influenza Virus Vaccine Efficacy. Vaccines 2018, 6, 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6020023
AMA Style
Stacey HD, Barjesteh N, Mapletoft JP, Miller MS. “Gnothi Seauton”: Leveraging the Host Response to Improve Influenza Virus Vaccine Efficacy. Vaccines. 2018; 6(2):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6020023
Chicago/Turabian StyleStacey, Hannah D., Neda Barjesteh, Jonathan P. Mapletoft, and Matthew S. Miller. 2018. "“Gnothi Seauton”: Leveraging the Host Response to Improve Influenza Virus Vaccine Efficacy" Vaccines 6, no. 2: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6020023
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