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Review

Advances in Serum-Free Suspension Culture Technology for Animal Cells and Their Applications

by
Wenna Ji
1,
Ziyi Chen
1,
Jinyu Zhou
2,
Xinyu Yue
3,
Zilin Qiao
1,2,4 and
Jiamin Wang
1,2,4,*
1
Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Key Technologies and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccines, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
2
Gansu Animal Cell Technology Innovation Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
3
State Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Laboratory of Bioengineering and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
4
Gansu Provincial Bioengineering Materials Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730030, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2025, 13(11), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13111109
Submission received: 28 September 2025 / Revised: 24 October 2025 / Accepted: 28 October 2025 / Published: 29 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Vaccine Advancement, Efficacy and Safety)
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Abstract

Serum-free suspension culture technology for animal cells involves the division and proliferation of cells in serum-free medium as single cells or cell clusters within shaking flasks or bioreactors. This approach enables large-scale cell culture, enhances the yield and quality of biopharmaceuticals, reduces costs, and broadens the applications of animal cells. Serum-free suspension culture of adherent cells (e.g., Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), Vero, baby hamster kidney (BHK-21), and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells) has been successfully achieved through direct or indirect adaptation, medium optimization, and genetic engineering. Additionally, novel suspension cell lines, such as duck embryonic stem (EB66) and human retinoblastoma (PER.C6) cells, have been developed as potential new substrates for biopharmaceutical production. This review examines animal cell suspension culture technology and its applications in viral vaccines, recombinant proteins, and monoclonal antibodies, providing insights into the development and utilization of this important technology.
Keywords: suspension culture; serum-free medium; novel cell lines; genetic engineering; biological products suspension culture; serum-free medium; novel cell lines; genetic engineering; biological products

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ji, W.; Chen, Z.; Zhou, J.; Yue, X.; Qiao, Z.; Wang, J. Advances in Serum-Free Suspension Culture Technology for Animal Cells and Their Applications. Vaccines 2025, 13, 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13111109

AMA Style

Ji W, Chen Z, Zhou J, Yue X, Qiao Z, Wang J. Advances in Serum-Free Suspension Culture Technology for Animal Cells and Their Applications. Vaccines. 2025; 13(11):1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13111109

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ji, Wenna, Ziyi Chen, Jinyu Zhou, Xinyu Yue, Zilin Qiao, and Jiamin Wang. 2025. "Advances in Serum-Free Suspension Culture Technology for Animal Cells and Their Applications" Vaccines 13, no. 11: 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13111109

APA Style

Ji, W., Chen, Z., Zhou, J., Yue, X., Qiao, Z., & Wang, J. (2025). Advances in Serum-Free Suspension Culture Technology for Animal Cells and Their Applications. Vaccines, 13(11), 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13111109

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