Knowledge on Parental Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination of Children 5–11 Years Old
Abstract
1. Background
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data | Total | Male N = 548 | Female N = 2869 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 41.3 ± 5.3 | 43.6 ± 6.0 | 40.8 ± 5.0 | <0.001 |
Group of age, years | <0.001 | |||
<40 | 1573 (45.8%) | 181 (33.0%) | 1381 (48.1%) | |
41–50 | 1656 (48.24%) | 291 (53.1%) | 1361 (47.4%) | |
>50 | 204 (5.9%) | 76 (13.9%) | 121 (4.4%) | |
Education | <0.01 | |||
Lower secondary school | 136 (4.0%) | 28 (5.1%) | 108 (3.8%) | |
High school | 1172 (34%) | 203 (37.0%) | 966 (33.7%) | |
BA | 508 (14.8%) | 64 (11.7%) | 442 (15.4%) | |
MA | 1108 (32.35) | 154 (28.1%) | 947 (33.0%) | |
PhD | 419 (12.2%) | 87 (15.9%) | 330 (11.5%) | |
No answer | 90 (2.62%) | 12 (2.2%) | 76 (2.65%) | |
Work condition | <0.001 | |||
Permanent employment | 2138 (62.3%) | 379 (69.2%) | 1704 (61.1%) | |
Temporary employment | 253 (7.4%) | 21 (3.8%) | 232 (8.1%) | |
Self-employed | 626 (18.2%) | 135 (24.6%) | 487(17.0%) | |
Unemployed/unpaid work | 293 (8.5%) | 4 (0.7%) | 289 (10.1%) | |
Retired | 7 (0.2) | 3 (0.5%) | 4 (0.1%) | |
No answer | 116 (3.38%) | 6 (1.1%) | 103 (3.6%) | |
Number of children | 0.30 | |||
1 | 1115 (32.5%) | 188 (34.3%) | 921 (32.1%) | |
2 | 1887 (55.0%) | 285 (52.0%) | 1594 (55.6%) | |
>2 | 431 (12.6%) | 75 (13.7%) | 354 (12.3%) | |
Number of children 5–11 years old | 0.56 | |||
1 | 2485 (72.4%) | 2802 (72.6%) | 391 (71.3%) | |
>1 | 948 (27.6%) | 787 (27.4%) | 157 (28.7%) | |
Nationality | 0.67 | |||
Italian | 3381 (98.5%) | 538 (98.1%) | 2829 (98.6%) | |
Foreign | 43 (1.3%) | 98 (1.6%) | 34 (1.2%) | |
No answer | 9 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | 6 (0.2%) | |
Group | <0.001 | |||
Favorable | 1223 (35.6%) | 300 (57.8%) | 1159 (40.4%) | |
Doubtful | 1459 (42.5%) | 149 (27.2%) | 1072 (37.4%) | |
Hesitant/Reluctant | 751 (21.9%) | 99 (18.1%) | 638 (22.2%) |
Independent Variable | Favorable | Doubtful | Hesitant/Reluctant | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | ||
Age, years | 1 (Ref.) | - | |||
<40 | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
41–50 | 0.73 | 0.62–0.85 | 0.55 | 0.45–0.66 | |
>50 | 0.62 | 0.45–0.86 | 0.39 | 0.25–0.60 | |
Gender | 1 (Ref.) | - | |||
Female | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
Male | 0.54 | 0.43–0.66 | 0.60 | 0.46–0.76 | |
No answer/non-binary | 0.81 | - | 0.95 | - | |
Education | 1 (Ref.) | 0.83–2.01 | |||
Lower secondary school | 1.01 | 0.65–1.54 | 1.30 | ||
High school | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
BA | 0.95 | 0.75–1.20 | 0.67 | 0.51–0.89 | |
MA | 0.74 | 0.62–0.90 | 0.59 | 0.47–0.73 | |
PhD | 0.55 | 0.42–0.71 | 0.39 | 0.28–0.53 | |
No answer | 2.07 | 1.14–3.75 | 3.24 | 1.80–5.85 | |
Work condition | 1 (Ref.) | ||||
Employed | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
Self-employed | 0.92 | 0.76–1.13 | 1.12 | 0.89–1.41 | |
Unemployed/unpaid | 0.92 | 0.70–1.21 | 0.96 | 0.69–1.32 | |
Retired/no answer | 1.63 | 1.00–2.65 | 3.89 | 2.44–6.19 | |
Annual income | 1 (Ref.) | 1.34–3.00 | |||
<15,000 | 1.36 | 0.95–1.97 | 2.01 | ||
15,001–28,000 | 1.25 | 1.02–1.53 | 1.47 | 1.15–1.88 | |
28,001–55,000 | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
55,001–75,000 | 0.80 | 0.62–1.02 | 0.69 | 0.49–0.95 | |
>75,000 | 0.67 | 0.50–0.88 | 0.92 | 0.67–1.27 | |
No answer | 1.43 | 1.12–1.82 | 2.60 | 1.99–3.38 | |
Number of children | 1 (Ref.) | - | |||
1 | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
2 | 0.86 | 0.73–1.01 | 1.10 | 0.90–1.33 | |
>2 | 0.72 | 0.55–0.92 | 1.12 | 0.84–1.50 | |
Number of children 5–11 yrs | 1 (Ref.) | - | |||
1 | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
>1 | 0.95 | 0.80–1.13 | 1.29 | 1.06–1.56 | |
Nationality | 1 (Ref.) | - | |||
Italian | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
Foreign | 0.84 | 0.77–0.90 | 1.62 | 0.78–3.31 | |
No answer | - | - | |||
Area of residence | 1 (Ref.) | ||||
North | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
Center | 1.01 | 0.81–1.25 | 0.82 | 0.63–1.08 | |
South and Islands | 0.86 | 0.62–1.19 | 0.65 | 0.43–1.00 | |
No answer | 2.63 | 1.61–4.30 | 4.76 | 2.93–7.74 |
Independent Variable | Favorable | Doubtful | Hesitant/Reluctant | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | ||
Age | 1 (Ref.) | - | |||
<40 years | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
41–50 | 0.70 | 0.59–0.83 | 0.57 | 0.45–0.72 | |
>50 | 0.63 | 0.44–0.90 | 0.32 | 0.18–0.57 | |
Gender | 1 (Ref.) | - | |||
Female | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
Male | 0.66 | 0.52–0.83 | 0.68 | 0.48–0.95 | |
No answer/non-binary | 0.15 | - | - | ||
Work condition | 1 (Ref.) | ||||
Employed | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) | |||
Self-employed | 1.01 | 0.81–1.26 | 1.15 | 0.85–1.54 | |
Unemployed/unpaid | 0.70 | 0.52–0.95 | 0.61 | 0.40–0.93 | |
Retired/no answer | 1.35 | 0.80–2.33 | 2.10 | 1.11–3.96 | |
Inf. score on vaccines (pre-pandemic) | 1 (Ref.) | 0.25 | 0.15–0.42 | 0.12 | 0.07–0.22 |
Inf. score on COVID-19 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.40 | 0.30–0.54 | 0.05 | 0.04–0.08 |
Fear Score | 1 (Ref.) | 5.25 | 13.96–432 | 12.67 | 9.90–16.20 |
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Esposito, S.; Rosafio, C.; Partesotti, S.; Fiore, M.; Antodaro, F.; Bergomi, A.; Neglia, C.; Argentiero, A.; Principi, N.; Zona, S. Knowledge on Parental Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination of Children 5–11 Years Old. Vaccines 2023, 11, 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030587
Esposito S, Rosafio C, Partesotti S, Fiore M, Antodaro F, Bergomi A, Neglia C, Argentiero A, Principi N, Zona S. Knowledge on Parental Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination of Children 5–11 Years Old. Vaccines. 2023; 11(3):587. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030587
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsposito, Susanna, Cristiano Rosafio, Simonetta Partesotti, Michele Fiore, Francesco Antodaro, Andrea Bergomi, Cosimo Neglia, Alberto Argentiero, Nicola Principi, and Stefano Zona. 2023. "Knowledge on Parental Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination of Children 5–11 Years Old" Vaccines 11, no. 3: 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030587
APA StyleEsposito, S., Rosafio, C., Partesotti, S., Fiore, M., Antodaro, F., Bergomi, A., Neglia, C., Argentiero, A., Principi, N., & Zona, S. (2023). Knowledge on Parental Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination of Children 5–11 Years Old. Vaccines, 11(3), 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030587